intro

Question 1

what is deviance?

Answer 1

behav, actions or beliefs that challenge conventional societal or cultural norms/values

Question 2

examples of deviance?

Answer 2

-same sex marriage: considered deviant in the past –> became legalized and eventually socially acceptable

-cigarettes: was very normalized in the past –> now regulated and “deviant”

-tattoos: deviant in the past –> socially acceptable now

Question 3

what happens to deviance over time?

Answer 3

becomes NORMALIZED (socially acceptable in society) or CRIMINALIZED (illegal and punishable)

Question 4

what factors cause certain actions to be labelled as criminal?

Answer 4

• what society defines as a crime is fluid + subject to change based on changing norms + values of society
• As these factors evolve and change so do the things that get labeled as criminal

Question 5

examples of factors that cause certain actions to be labelled as criminal?

Answer 5

society, norms, politics, power, public safety, morals, religion, public opinion, tech

Question 6

examples of changes over time in labelling criminal activity?

Answer 6

-texting while driving (as technology changes over time, the law as to change in order to keep up)

-cyberbullying laws (societal/legal adaptation for new behavs surrounding tech)

Question 7

how was criminal behav explained in the past?

Answer 7

-reliant on religious, supernatural, or simplistic bio perspectives
-dates back to18th century: cesare beccaria and inspiration of the age of enlightenment
-subfield of sociology
-20th century: seen as a ‘legitimate’ discipline + expanded greatly
-1960: first crim department in canada (uni of montreal)

Question 8

levels of crime? (3)

Answer 8

micro (individuals)
-people: victims, offenders, lawyers, judges, parole officers, cops, prison guards..etc
-institutions (macro): courts, police departments, halfway houses, prisons..etc
-aspects: laws. policies, media, news, cultures..etc

Question 9

why study crime/criminology? (6)

Answer 9

-prevent or reduce crime
-understand new crimes and criminal trends
-to explain rising/falling crime rates
-understand offender motivations and patterns
-to create positive change + address inequalities in CJS
-understand relationship between crime , society, culture, tech, economy..etc