Intro

Question 1

What are the four types of dyspnea?

Answer 1

Exertional. Paroxysmal nocturnal - redistribution of fluid when lying down. Orthopnea – occurs when recumbent. Dyspnea at rest – end stage heart failure

Question 2

What cardiac conditions contribute to syncope and presyncope?

Answer 2

brady and tachyarrhythmias. can lead to reduction in cerebral blood flow

Question 3

What are symptoms of fluid retention associated with reduced EF or diastolic dysfunction?

Answer 3

peripheral edema, bloating, weight gain and abdominal discomfort from an enlarged liver

Question 4

Describe a cardiac cough

Answer 4

usually dry and nonproductive. Pulmonary fluid from CHF may present as a cough. ACE inhibitors can also cause a dry “tickle” type of cough.

Question 5

What factors are considered high-risk with chest pain?

Answer 5

new onset of chest pain, previous MI, history of PCI or CABG, multiple risk factors *especially: premature family history, smoking and/or diabetes.