Intro Flashcards
Food can be defined as
anything edible that can be solid, semisolid, or liquid…swallowed, digested, and assimilated (used) in the body…also provide energy used for growth and development, regulate, the body processes and protect the body from diseases
Food Classification
Classification by Origin (Animal/Vegetable)
Classification by Chemical Composition (Macro/Micro Nutrients)
Basis of Predominant Function
1. Body Building Food
2. Energy Giving Food
3. Protective Food
4. Regulatory Food
- Body Building Food
- Energy-yielding Food
- Protective Food
- Regulatory Food
- Proteins & Minerals
- Carbs, Fats, Proteins
- Vitamins & Minerals
- Water & Roughage (Fiber)
Nutrition is the
the science that interprets the nutrients and other substances in food in relation to the maintenance, growth, reproduction, health, and disease of an organism
Nutrition includes (6)
food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and excretion
Nutrients (define)
substances found in food that keep your body functioning
Non-essential nutrients
Essential nutrients
the body can synthesize
the body cannot synthesize (provided by diet)
Nutrients of Our Body
61% Water
17% Protein
14% Lipids
6% Minerals
1.5% Carbs
<1% Vitamins
Malnutrition
Implies an imbalance of nutrition (too much or too little)
Undernutrition
dietary deficit
Overnutrition
excessive intake
Metabolism
the sum of biochemical processes in living organisms that either produce or consume energy
Anabolism
Simple molecules are synthesized
A+B -> AB
Catabolism
Molecules are degraded to release energy
AB -> A+B
3 Pathways
Anabolism
Catabolism
Waste Disposal
Glucose
Fatty Acids
Amino Acids
Glycogen
Lipids
Proteins
Oxidation (OIL)
Loss of an electron by an atom or molecule (Oxygen Is Loss)
Reduction (RIG)
Involves the gain of electrons by a molecule (Reduction Is Gain)
Calorie
Unit of energy
energy needed to raise the temp. of 1 gram of water to 1 degree Celsius
Adequate, healthy diets must
Satisfy human needs for energy and all essential nutrients
Energy Balance
Energy Input = Energy Output
Three Framework of Food Guide Pyramid
Balance
Variety
Moderation
Balanced Diet
Getting the right types and amounts of foods to supply nutrition and energy for maintaining body cells, tissues, and organs and for supporting normal growth and development
Metabolic Process (5 Steps)
Food Intake
Food Breakdown
Energy Created
Body Repair
Activity Energy
Metabolic Rate measures
net ATP turnover
(Adenosine Tri Phosphate: Energy Currency)
Overall rate of tissue oxidation of fuels by all the body’s organ
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Energy uses when your body performs natural (basic) life-sustaining functions
Thermogenesis
Dissipation of energy through the production of heat (Create Heat) - Production of heat inside the body
Specific dynamic heat
amount of energy expenditure above basal metabolic rate due to cost of (processing food for use and storage)
Types of Thermic effect of food (TEF)
Obligatory and Facultative
Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)
Increase in energy expenditure associated with consumption of food
Obligatory
Energy needed to digest, absorb and metabolize nutrients
Facultative
Excess energy expended above obligatory
Factors affecting BMR
Body size and composition
Gender
Age
Physical fitness
Hormonal statues
Genetics
Environmental influence
BMR Factors: Body size & composition
Height and weight (additional body tissue)
Larger = higher metabolic rates
Men vs Women
Lean muscles burn more calories than fat
BMR : Gender
BMR of women 5-10% lower than men
(due to organ/body weight and muscle/fat
BMR : Age
Declines with age
Decline typically occurs around 40 M and 50 F
(changes in organ/tissue size & reduction in metabolic activity of lean body mass)
BMR : Physical Fitness
Regular exercise causes 8-14% higher metabolic rate
BMR : Hormonal Status (Name the 2)
Leptin and Ghrelin
Leptin
Produced by adipose cells
Helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger
(Makes you feel fuel) Diminishing fat storage
Leptin
Produced by adipose cells
Helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger
(Makes you feel fuel) Diminishing fat storage
Ghrelin
Produced by stomach
Hunger hormone
Stimulates appetite, increases food intake
Promotes fat storage
Water helps
*Regulate body temperature
*Lubricates organs
*Medium for metabolic/chemical reactions
*Aids in movement of nutrients during digestion, absorption and circulation and excretion of waste and toxins
Intracellular water
Extracellular water
water within the cell (Potassium (K))
water outside/surrounding the cell (Sodium (Na))
Dehydration
Insufficient fluid intake (imbalance of electrolytes)
Rehydration
restoring water balance to a dehydrated person (IV)-lifesaver
