intro Flashcards
what is innate immunity
Instinctive, non-specific, does not depend on lymphocytes, present from birth
what is adaptive immunity
Specific ‘Acquired/learned’ immunity, requires lymphocytes, antibodies
what makes up a blood sample after being centrifuged
upper layer - plasma
middle layer- buffy coat - leukocytes
lower- erthyrocytes, platelets
define serum
plasma without fibrinogen and other clotting factors
what response are neutrophils mostly involved in
innate
name examples of polymorphonuclear leukocytes
neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil
name examples of mononuclear leukocytes
monocyte
t cells
b cells
dendritic cels
what happens when a monocyte enters a blood cell
differentiates into a macrophage
soluble factors of the immune system
complement
antibodies
cytokines, chemokines
what is complement
Group of ~20 serum proteins secreted by the liver that need to be activated to be functional.
3 activation pathways for complement
1-Direct lysis- membrane attack complex
2-Attract more Leukocytes to site of infection- macrophage chemotaxis
3-Coat invading organism/oponisation
what is an epitope
the part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies,
what are cytokines
proteins secreted by immune and non-immune cells for cell signalling
When are interferone secreted
in response to a virus
IFNa & b - produced by virus infected cells
IFNg - released by activated T cells
role of colony stimulating factors
Involved in directing the division and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells – precursors of leukocytes
role of tumour necrosis factors
Mediate inflammation and cytotoxic reactions
what is the role of chemokines
biological magnets
Leukocyte chemoattractants
Where do all immune cells originate
Bone marrow
T cells then mature in the thymus
Where are RBC removed
Spleen
What cells can be noted as professional antigen presenting cells
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
B cells
main function of macrophages
clear apoptotic debris
main function of basophil
IgE binding- degranulation - histamine release= t1 hypersensitivuty
main function of nk
viral cell killing
release perforin
Is IL1 pro / anti inflammatory
Pro inflammatory
primary lymphoid organs
bone marroe - all immune cell originate here , b cell maturation site
2nd lymphoid organs
lymph nodes- site of DC, B and T cell
spleen - white pump-
