innate immune response

Question 1

summary of innate immune resposne

Answer 1

1st line of defence
Provides barrier to antigen
Instinctive
Present from birth
Slow response
No memory

Question 2

innate immunity is composed of …?

Answer 2

Physical and chemical barriers
Phagocytic cells (neutrophils and macrophages)
Blood proteins (complement, acute phase)

Question 3

examples of physical barriers

Answer 3

skin- physical barrier, fatty acids

bronchi- mucus, cilia

gut- acid, rapid ph change

tears- lysozyme

flushing of urinary tract

Question 4

response to acute inflammatory response

Answer 4

-Stop bleeding (coagulation)
-Acute inflammation (leukocyte recruitment)
Clear pathogens/dead cells (phagocytosis)
-Proliferation of cells to repair damage
-Remove blood clot – remodel extracellular matrix
-Re-establish normal structure/function of tissue

Question 5

hallmarks of inflammation

Answer 5

increased blood supply
increased vascular permeability
increased leukocyte transenodthelial migration

Question 6

examples of sensing microbes

Answer 6

In blood – Monocytes, Neutrophils
In tissues – Macrophages, Dendritic cells

Question 7

What do all three pathways produce

Answer 7

C3 convertase .

Question 8

Name the three pathways of the complement system

Answer 8

Classical
Mannose binding lectin pathway
Alternative pathway

Question 9

What occurs during the classical pathway

Answer 9

C1q binds either directly to a pathogen or onto an antigen antibody complex
Triggers cleavage of subsequent complement proteins c2a and c4b
Resulting in the production of c3 convertase c4b2a

Question 10

What occurs in the MBL pathway

Answer 10

Initiated by proteins binding to carbohydrates on the pathogen
Mannose binding lectin binds to mannose activating MSP1 and MSP2
Ficolin binds to oligosaccarides
Both msp cleave c4 and c2 forming c3 convertase

Question 11

What occurs in the alternative pathway

Answer 11

Activated by bacterial endotoxin
Lipopolysaccharide present on the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria
Spontaneous hydrolysis of c3 into small amounts of factor 3b
Combines with other factors to produce c3 convertase

Question 12

what is a toll like receptor

Answer 12

a type of patter recognition receptor

PRR

Question 13

TLR for the detection of gram negative bacteria and what PAMP is recognised?

Answer 13

TLR 4
lipopolysaccaride
on gram pos

Question 14

TLR used for the detection of gram positive bacteria

Answer 14

TLR2
peptidoglycan

Question 15

what tlr woudl detect flagellin

Answer 15

TLR5

Question 16

what TLR is responsible for detecting viruses

Answer 16

TLR7+9

Question 17

intracellular TLRs>

Answer 17

3 7 8 9

Question 18

role of APC

Answer 18

stimulate further Th production
stimulate b cell production

Question 19

what does the innate immune system use to recognise pathogens

Answer 19

pattern recognition receptors

Question 20

what are pattern recognition receptors

Answer 20

sensors that detect infection or tissue damage

Question 21

what to prr detecg

Answer 21

PAMPS
Pathogen associated molecular patterns

Question 22

a common example of a pattern recognition receptor

Answer 22

a toll like receptor

Question 23

what is the ligan for Toll-Like receptor 4 (TLR4)?

Answer 23

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 24

what TLR detects gram positive bacteria

Answer 24

TLR-2

Question 25

WHAT TLR is an intracellular receptor

Answer 25

TLR 3

Question 26

what tlr detects flagellin

Answer 26

tlr 5

Question 27

what ig is present in the initial response to a virus

Answer 27

igm