Intro Flashcards
What is a policy?
Policy = Polity (institutions characterising a political system) + Politics (policy making process involving various actors and their interactions)
What is the Rationalist approach?
Ideal conceptionof how policymaking should be sequentially organized to achieveoptimal solutions
Considered to be unrealistic.
What is the Incremental model?
Public policy is regarded as the political result ofthe interaction of various actorspossessing different types of information and interests.
Policymakers act within the context oflimited information, limited time, and limited cognitive resourcese., bounded rationality where they search gotsatisfactory solutionrather than the optimal one.
What is the Garbage Can model?
You have a solution before the problem arises.
Disconnects problems, solutions and decision makers from each other.
Not necessarily the optimal solution.
Name Lowi’s typologies
Regulatory policies
Policies specifying condition and constraints and collective behavior.
Distributive policies
Policies distributing new (state) resources.
Redistributive policies
Policies modifying the distribution of existing resources
Constituent policies
Policies creating or modifying the state’s institution.
What are some of the criticism towards Lowi’s typologies?
Regulatory policies may have distributive and redistributive effects.
Difficult to distinguish between distributive and redistributive policies ex ante.
Strategic naming by policymakers.
Classification is context dependent.
Other factors influence in the policy process.
Not up to date. What about moral issues?
What are the cost/benefit categories according to Wilson?
- Interest group politics (Concentrated cost, concentrated benefits) - high level of conflict
- Entrepreneurial politics (Concentrated cost, diffused benefits) - high level of conflict
- Clientelist politics (Diffused costs, concentrated benefits) - low level of conflict
- Majoritarian politics (Diffused costs, diffused benefits) - low level of conflict
In the NATO model, what is the basic resource of the Nodality principle?
Information
In the NATO model, what is the governance logic of Nodality?
Indirectly stimulating change in behaviour through information and persuasion
In the NATO model, what is the typical instruments of Nodality?
Information campaigns
Suasion
Research inquiries
In the NATO model, what is the basic resource of Authority?
Law
In the NATO model, what is the governance logic of Authority?
Direct rules on how to behave
In the NATO model, what is the typical instruments for authority?
Standards
Bans
Permits
Prohibitions
In the NATO model, what is the basic resource of Treasure?
Money
In the NATO model, what is the logic of treasure?
Indirect stimulation of behaviour through financial incentives.
In the NATO model, what is the typical instruments in Treasure?
Taxes
User charges
Grants
Tax deductions
In the NATO model, what is the basic resource of Organisation?
Structures and capacity
In the NATO model, what is the logic to Organisation?
Provision of public good or service by the state or public enterprise
In the NATO model, what is the typical instruments of Organisation?
Public companies
What are the three policy dimensions?
Policy output - direct result of policy
Policy outcome - the behavioural change based on policy
Policy impact - to the extent the policy brig expected results
What are the benefits of Wilson’s typology?
Precise and dynamic
What does policy styles refer to?
Policy styles refer to the ‘standard operating procedures’ of governments in the making and implementing of public policies.
What are the four policy styles?
(1) the German rationalist consensus style,
(2) the British negotiation style,
(3) the French concerting style and
(4) the Dutch negotiation and conflict style.
Which are the three typologies?
Wilson
Lowi
Hood & Margretts
How are policy styles grouped?
Country or sector
High or low stability
