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radiology exam 1 > intraoral projection > Flashcards

intraoral projection Flashcards

1
Q

BID-beam indicating device

A

collimates and directs X-ray beam (cone) (can also be rectangle)

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2
Q

Central ray of x ray beam

A

define position of beam vertically and horizontally

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3
Q

vertical angulation

A

movement of BID up or down in relation to occlusal plane

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4
Q

horizontal angulation

A

movement of BID around patients head in relation to sagittal plane

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5
Q

positive vs negative vertical angulation

A

positive=beam pointing down

negative=beam pointing up

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6
Q

most accurate vertical angulation

A

BW’s

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7
Q

what do bite wings eval?

A
  • bone height
  • interprox lesions
  • depth of rest/caries
  • assessment of rest margins
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8
Q

FMX

A

20 radiographs
PA’s on top and bottom
BW in middle

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9
Q

rules for PA

A

must show the entire crown and roots

2 mm beyond root apices

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10
Q

rules for BW

A

equal distribution of both arches

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11
Q

rules for canine

A
  1. canine must be centered in image
  2. 2 mm of apical bone visible above the root apex
  3. lateral canine contact open
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12
Q

head position for occlusal plane of teeth radiograph

A

parallel to floor

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13
Q

sagittal plane radiograph head position?

A

perpendicular to floor

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14
Q

paralleling technique

A

most anatomically accurate

-extension cone, right angle, long cone

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15
Q

bisecting angle

A

inherit distortion

pt managment

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16
Q

2 fundamental principles of paralleling technique

A
  1. image receptor is positioned parallel to long axes of teeth
  2. central ray of x ray beam is directed perpendicular to teeth and image receptor
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17
Q

to obtain a parallel relationship bw teeth and image in maxillary teeth?

A

incisal edges/buccal cusps engage biteblock in first or second groove (outer edge of bite block)
-receptor in center of oral cavity

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18
Q

in order to achieve parallelism between image receptor and teeth, the OBJECT RECEPTOR DISTANCE will have to be increased in the _______

A

maxillary arch (tooth placement in first or second groove)

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19
Q

PA anterior instrument

A

straight ring

-anterior arm most bent

20
Q

PA posterior instrument

A

offset sing

horizontal block

21
Q

ring bitewing instrument

A

straight ring
no bends
looks like airplane

22
Q

to achieve parallel relationship bw teeth and image receptor in mandibular teeth—

A

incisal edges or buccal cusps should engage MIDDLE of biteblock

23
Q

correct horizontal angulation

A

image receptor placed parallel to lingual surfaces and beam should be directed thru contacts of teeth and perpendicular to image receptor

24
Q

correct horizontal angulation–

A

open contacts

25
Q

correct vertical angulation

A

results in radiographic image that is close to same length as the tooth

26
Q

incorrect vertical angulation

A

results in a radiographic image that is not the same length as the tooth

  • foreshortening
  • elongation
27
Q

foreshortened image

A

excessive vertical angulation

28
Q

elongated image

A

insufficient vertical angulation

29
Q

cotton rolls are never used with —

A

bitewing technique

30
Q

never place a cotton roll where?

A

on same side as plate

31
Q

make sure image receptor is centered within ?

A

the ring

32
Q

cone cut

A

when the central ray is not directed through the center of the region being radiographed

33
Q

advantages of paralleling technique?

A
  • accuracy (reduces distortion)
  • simplicity (eliminates need to determine horizontal and vertical angulation)
  • duplication (comparison of serial radiographs has validity)
34
Q

disadvantages of paralleling technique

A
  • image receptor placement may be difficult

- discomfort

35
Q

typical results of paralleling tech

A
  • no anatomic structures projected over roots
  • roots approx same length
  • cusp tips same height
  • alveolar crest below CEJ
36
Q

foreshortened image

A
  • elongated palatal root
  • foreshortened buccal roots
  • alveolar crest not below CEJ
  • cusp tips not superimposed
  • zygomatic process and zygomatic bone projected over roots
37
Q

elongated image

A
  • roots stretched off the image
  • crowns moved up in image
  • biteblock and alignment rod moved up in image
38
Q

bisecting angle technique

A
  • plate must be placed along lingual
  • plane of plate and long axis form an angle at the point where plate contacts tooth
  • imaginary line bisects the angle formed by plate and long axis of tooth
  • central ray directed perpendicular to imaginary bisector
39
Q

advantages and disadvantages of bisecting tech

A
  • helpful for gagging, small, shallow floor, large tongues

- image distortion

40
Q

what is ideal for patients with moderate to severe bone loss?

A

vertical bitewing

41
Q

vertical bitewing series

A

seven plates used to cover midline, canine, premolar, and molar areas

42
Q

bitewing plate holder

A

device used to position an intraoral plate in the mouth

43
Q

bitewing tab

A

heavy paperboard tab or loop fitted around an image receptor to stabilize it during exposure

44
Q

bitewing tech with tabs

A
  • x ray beam is angled positively at 6-8 degrees

- center BID directly over image receptor

45
Q

diagnostic criteria for all intraoral radiographs

A
  • density, contrast, definition, detail
  • least amount of distortion
  • FMX must include all tooth-bearing areas
  • PA–entire crowns and teeth+2mm
  • open contacts
46
Q

types of image receptor holders

A

styrofoam
EEZEE-grip
endoray
unibite

radiology exam 1 (7 decks)

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