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Molecular Biology Test II - Jourdan > Intracellular Vesicular Traffic 2 > Flashcards

Intracellular Vesicular Traffic 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Lysosomes are heterogeneous - derived from _____ endosomes.

A

Late

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1
Q

Lysosomes are membrane enclosed compartments filled with _____ ______.

A

Hydrolytic enzymes

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2
Q

Lysosomes are important for _____ _____ of macromolecules

A

intracellular digestion

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3
Q

There are about 40 types of enzymes in lysosomes: name 7 acid hydrolases

A

Proteases, nucleases, glycosidses, lipases, phopsholipases, phosphatases, and sulfatases

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4
Q

Lysosome enzymes require ____ ______ and ____ _____ for optimal activation

A

acid environment

proteolytic cleavage

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5
Q

Lysosomal ________ protects cell against is enzymes.

A

membrane

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6
Q

________ in membrane pump out end products of digestion.

A

Transporters

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7
Q

_____ ______ pumps H+ into lysosomes to maintain the acidic pH and to drive transport of small metabolites.

A

Vacuolar ATPase

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8
Q

pH in lysosomes is about:

A

5.0

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9
Q

Transport from TGN to lysosomes uses the pathway that delivers _____ ______ and ______ to lysosomes.

A

Membrane proteins

hydrolases

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10
Q

Membrane proteins and hydrolases are co-translationally transported into ____ _____ and then transported via Golgi complex to _____.

A

Rough ER

TGN

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11
Q

TGN buds of into _______.

A

Endosomes

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12
Q

Endosomes develop into _______.

A

Lysosomes

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13
Q

Lysosomal hydrolases have _____-__-_____ attached to them in the ____.

A

mannose-6-phosphate (M6P)

CGN

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14
Q

____ ______ in TGN recognize the sugar.

A

M6P receptors

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15
Q

M6P receptors bind to hydrolases and adaptor proteins in assembling _____ coats. All packaged into ______-coated vesicles that bud from ____.

A

Clathrin, clathrin, TGN

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16
Q

Contents from TGN are delivered into ______ and then to _______.

A

Endosomes

Lysosomes

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17
Q

What enzyme transfers a phosphate to lysosomal hydrolase with terminal mannose residue?

A

GlcNAc phosphotransferase

end product is M6P

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18
Q

Lysosomal storage diseases arise from ___ ____ in lysosomal _______.

A

Genetic defects, hydrolases

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19
Q

In lysosomal storage disease, there is an accumulation of _____ _____ in lysomsomes.

A

undigested material

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20
Q

______ _____: mutation in the enzyme required to break down glycosaminoglycan chains.

A

Hurler’s disease

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21
Q

______ ____ ____: all of the lysosomal hydrolases are missing in fibroblasts.

A

Inclusion cell disease

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22
Q

Defective or missing _____ ________, an enzyme that adds _____ to lysosomal hydrolases, the enzymes are not _________ and hence not sorted into vesicles and not delivered into lysosomes.

They are instead secreted into _____.

A

GlcNAc phosphotransferase,
M6P
phosphorylated
Blood

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23
Q

Endocytosis: uptake of ______ from ______ across plasma membrane.

A

macromolecules

exterior

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24
Q

In endocytosis, material is ________ enclosed by a portion of the PM.

A

progressively

25
Q

PM invaginates and then pinches off to form ______ ______.

A

Endocytoic vesicles

26
Q

Large particles ingested by vesicles called phagosomes is a process called ______.

A

Phagocytosis

27
Q

Small particles ingested pinocytic vesicles is a process called ______.

A

Pinocytosis

28
Q

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is used to _____ select ______ from outside cell.

A

import

macromolecules

29
Q

Endocytosis-

Molecules bind to _____ on membrane surface.

A

Receptors

30
Q

Endocytosis-

Molecules accumulate in ____-_____ ____.

A

Clathrin-coated pits

31
Q

Endocytosis-

Enters the cell as _____-______ complex in clathrin-coated vesicles

A

receptor-macromolecule

32
Q

Receptor-macromolecular complex provides _____ _______ mechanisms.

A

selective concentration

33
Q

An example of selective concentration mechanism is ____ _____.

A

Cholesterol uptake

34
Q

Blockage of receptor-mediated endocytosis results in _______.

A

Atherosclerosis

35
Q

_______ or ‘cell drinking’ is a constitutive process and occurs continuously in all eukaryotic cells.

A

Pinocytosis

36
Q

Cells ____ ___ __ __ in the form of small pinocytic vesicles

A

Ingest bits of PM

37
Q

Macrophages ingest about __% of its membrane every minute.

A

3

38
Q

Pinocytosis process begins at ____-_____ ___.

A

Clathrin-coated pits

39
Q

Membrane ______ and ______ ___ to form clathrin-coated vesicles.

A

invaginates and pinches off

40
Q

During pinocytosis, what is trapped in the pits as they invaginate?

A

Extracellular fluid with various solutes

41
Q

_____ clathrin-coated vesicles leave PM of a fibroblast every minute.

A

2500

42
Q

_____: flask-shaped invaginations in PM.

A

Caveolae

43
Q

Caveolae are enriched in _____ and _______, and GPI-anchored membrane proteins.

A

Cholesterol and glycosphingolipids

44
Q

Major structural protein of caveolae is ______.

A

caveolin

45
Q

Caveolae invaginate into membrane by virtue of ___ _______ and not the protein coat.

A

Lipid composition

46
Q

Caveolae pinch off from PM by _____.

A

Dynamin

47
Q

Caveolae pinched off from PM form ________.

A

Caveosome (endosome-like compartment)

48
Q

Caveosome (do/dont) connect with lysosomes.

A

DO NOT

49
Q

During the process of exocytosis, transport vesicles move from ____ to ___.

A

TGN to PM

50
Q

A fusion of vesicles with PM is called _____.

A

Exocytosis

51
Q

What are found in vesicles destined for PM?

A

Membrane proteins and lipids

52
Q

______ proteins are secreted out of cells.

A

Soluble

53
Q

________ secretory pathway operates continuously.

A

Constitutive

54
Q

_______ secretory pathway triggered by signals.

A

Regulated

55
Q

Protein sorting happens in the ____.

A

TGN

56
Q

Proteins destined for secretion are packed into secretory vesicle in the ___.

A

TGN

57
Q

Proteins destined for secretion packaging involves ______ ______/______ of proteins.

A

Selective aggregation/clumping

**mechanism not fully understood

58
Q

Vesicle membrane proteins may have ______ for aggregated proteins or undergo phagocytosis like mechanism

A

Receptors

59
Q

Proteins concentrated into vesicle by ____ of ____ _____ that go back to TGN and ER.

A

Retrieval of other proteins

60
Q

TGN also promotes _____ _____ of the secretory proteins - activation mechanism

A

Proteolytic processing

Molecular Biology Test II - Jourdan (9 decks)

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