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Molecular Biology Test II - Jourdan > Intracellular Vesicular Traffic 1 > Flashcards

Intracellular Vesicular Traffic 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Vesicles ________ from primary compartment and _____ with the next one

A

Bud off

fuse

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1
Q

Proteins and other biomolecules are transported via what?

A

Transport vesicles

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2
Q

Transport vesicles come in different ______ and ______:

A

Shapes and sizes

Small spherical or large irregular or tubular

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3
Q

Contents of vesicle called _____

A

cargo

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4
Q

Transport is ______

A

directional

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5
Q

___________ mediates a continuous _________ of components between various membrane enclosed compartments

A

Vesicular transport

exchange

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6
Q

_______ of the _______ and ______ on membrane surface provide cues for incoming traffic

A

components
membrane
molecular markers

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7
Q

______________ gives each compartment its full molecular address

A

Combination of markers

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8
Q

___________ return molecules to source

A

retrieval pathways

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9
Q

Cells ____ ____ into membrane domains by assembling a special ____ on cytosolic side of the membrane.

A

segregate proteins

coat

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10
Q

Transport vesicles bud off as _____ ______.

A

Coated vesicles

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11
Q

The coat performs 2 major functions:

A
  1. concentrates select proteins in a specialized patch for transport
  2. Coat molds the vesicle to form a basketlike lattice that deforms the membrane and give shape to the vesicle
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12
Q

Coat ________ before vesicle fuses with target membrane

A

discarded

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13
Q

____ and _____ mediate transport from ER to Golgi ______

A

COPI and COPII

Cisternae

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14
Q

________-________ vesicles mediate transport from Golgi apparatus and from plasma membrane

A

Clathrin-coated

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15
Q

COPI are coated vesicles of _____

A

Golgi

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16
Q

COPII are coated vesicles of ______.

A

ER

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17
Q

The major protein of clathrin-coated vesicles is _____.

A

clathrin

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18
Q

Each clathrin subunit is made of ______ and _____ polypeptide chains that form a 3-legged structure called ________

A

3 large
3 small
triskelion

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19
Q

triskelions assemble into a ___-____ structure of hexagons and pentagons that form coated pits on the _______ side of membrane

A

basket-like

cytosolic

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20
Q

______ ______ form a second layer between the cage and membrane

A

adaptor proteins

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21
Q

Adaptor proteins trap various transmembrane proteins including receptors that capture ____ _____ inside vesicle.

A

soluble cargo

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22
Q

Assembly of the coat protein molecules introduces a _____ in the membrane.

A

curvature

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23
Q

Curvature in the membrane leads too the formation of ____ ____.

A

coated buds

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24
Q

____ _____ bind clathrin and membrane-bound cargo receptors

A

Adaptor proteins

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25
Q

______ recruitment of membrane and cargo molecules in vesicle

A

selective

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26
Q

Clathrin ___ ___ after vesicle formation completed

A

coat lost

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27
Q

_________ play a major role in coat assembly, vesicle formation and protein trafficking

A

phosphoinositides (PI)

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28
Q

Phosphoinositides can undergo rapid cycles of ______ and ______ at the __,__, and__ positions to form various derivatives

A

phosphorylation
dephosphorylation
3’, 4’, and 5’

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29
Q

_______ between various phosphinositides is highly compartmentalized. It is ____ specific and ____ specific.

A

Interconversion
Organelle
domain

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30
Q

Different organelles have a unique set of __ ____ and _______ to facilitate the inter-conversions

A

PI kinases and phosphatases

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31
Q

Different proteins bind with high specificity to the ______ of particular phosphoinositidies.

A

Headgroups

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32
Q

The headgroups of PI control ____ and ____ of____ to specific organelles/domains and regulate vesicle trafficking.

A

recruitment and binding of proteins

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33
Q

What are membrane bending proteins?

A

BAR domains

34
Q

A protein called ______ assembles a ring around a clathrin bud

A

dynamin

35
Q

Dynamin contains a ___ ____ _____ (tethers the protein to membrane) and a _____ ______ (regulates rate of vesicle pinching)

A

PIP2 binding domain

GTPase domain

36
Q

______ brings the 2 cytosolic sides of the membrane togehter and allows them to fuse

A

pinching

37
Q

Dynamin recruits other proteins that _____ the____ _____ e.g., by lipid modifying enzymes that change lipid composition

A

distort the lipid bilayer

38
Q

Vesicle looses coat, ______ is degraded which weakens the binding of adaptor proteins.

A

PIP2

39
Q

____ ___ chaperone protein uses ATP to peel off the coat.

A

Hsp 70

40
Q

Specificity in targeting is achieved by ____ _____ on vesicles and ______ ______ on target membrane.

A

surface markers

complementary receptors

41
Q

Two types of proteins play an important role in vesicle targeting:

A

Rab and SNARE

42
Q

___ _____ direct vesicle to specific spots on target membrane

A

Rab proteins

43
Q

_____ ______ mediate fusion of vesicle with membrane

A

SNARE proteins

44
Q

____ _____ play a central role in specificity of vesicular transport

A

Rab protein

45
Q

Rabs are _____ ______ (~60)

A

monomeric GTPases

46
Q

Activity of Rab is regulated by ___ _____.

A

GTP hydrolysis

47
Q

Each Rab is associated with one or more membrane compartments of the ____ or _____ pathway.

A

Secretory

endocytic

48
Q

Rab serves as a ____ for that compartment.

A

Marker

49
Q

Rab cyles between ____ and _____ and regulates _______ assembly of complexes on membrane

A

cytosol
membrane
reversible

50
Q

Rab is ____ in GDP-bound form and _____ in GTP bound form

A

Inactive, active

51
Q

Binding to ____-____ _____ _____ keeps it in the inactive GDP-bound form. This form is _____.

A

Rab-GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI)

soluble

52
Q

interactions with ____-_____ keeps it in an active GTP bound form. This form is _____ bound to a membrane.

A

Rab-GEFs

Tightly

53
Q

Active form of Rab binds to __ ____ (motor proteins or tethering proteins) present on the target membrane.

A

Rab effectors

54
Q

Rab and Rab effectors facilitates membrane _____ and _____.

A

Tethering and fusion

55
Q

SNARE proteins catalyze _____ of ______ with membranes

A

fusion of vesicles

56
Q

____ different SNAREs each associated with a particular compartment

A

35

57
Q

SNARE exist as complementary sets:

A

v-SNAREs (single polypeptide) found on vesicle membrane

t-SNAREs (2-3 proteins) found on target membranes

58
Q

Interaction between __ and ___ forms allow them (SNAREs) to wrap around each other to form a bundle.

A

v and t

59
Q

Resulting SNARE complexes ____ the 2 _______ together.

A

lock, membranes

60
Q

SNAREs: Fusion may be triggered by specific ______ signals by removing _____ proteins that prevent complete fusion

A

extracellular, inhibitory

61
Q

Dissociation of SNARE pairs involves what?

A

accessory proteins, NSF, and ATP

62
Q

____ _____ proteins are packaged into _____ coated transport vesicles of the ER.

A

Newly synthesized, COPII

63
Q

COPII coated transport vesicles bud off from ER ___ ____.

A

exit sites

64
Q

Entry into vesicle is a ______ process

A

selective

65
Q

Proteins display ___ ____ on cytosolic surface. These are recognized by receptors present on COPII coat.

A

exit signals

66
Q

______ _____ - incompletely folded/misfolded proteins are retained in ER by binding to chaperone proteins such as ____ or ______. Such proteins are degraded.

A

Quality control
Bip
calnexin

67
Q

After budding from ER exit sites and shedding their coat, vesicles _____ with each other.

A

Fuse

68
Q

_______: fusion of vesicles from same compartment.

A

Homotypic

69
Q

______: fusion of vesicles from different compartments.

A

Heterotypic

70
Q

Fusion requires _______; both membranes contribute v- and t- _______

A

SNAREs, SNAREs

71
Q

Fused structures are called ____ ____ _____.

A

Vesicular tubular clusters

72
Q

Vesicular tubular clusters are _____-_____: move along microtubules to Golgi, fuse and deliver contents

A

Short-lived

73
Q

In the retrieval pathway, large vesicles bud off to form smaller vesicles coated with _____.

A

COPI

74
Q

The retrieval pathway is a mechanism to:

A

return proteins to ER

75
Q

Retrieval pathway depends on __ ____ ___

A

ER retrieval signals

76
Q

Example - ______ ____ (present in ER membrane proteins) and ____ ____ (present in soluble proteins) at C terminus

A

KKXX sequence,

KDEL sequence

77
Q

_______ signal interacts with COPI and packaged into COPI-caoted vesicles.

A

KKXX

78
Q

Soluble proteins need a ____ _____ which packages them into COPI-coated vesicles.

A

KDEL receptor

79
Q

Describe the Golgi Apparatus structure

A

Collection of flattened, membrane-enclosed compartments (cisternae)
Each Golgi stack has 2 faces: cis or entry and trans or exit.

80
Q

___ ___ ____ is a network of fused vesicular tubular clusters arriving from ER. Proteins and lipids enter Golgi via this.

A

Cis Golgi Network (CGN)

81
Q

____ _____ ____ is the region that allows exit of proteins and lipids to next step of secretory pathway.

A

Trans Golgi Network (TGN)

82
Q

______ plays an important role in protein glycosylation

A

Golgi

Molecular Biology Test II - Jourdan (9 decks)

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