Intraarticular fractures of the femur.

Question 1

what are the interarticular fractures of the femur divided into ?

Answer 1

partial articular fracture
fracture

complete articular fracture

Question 2

what is the classification of partial articular fractures ?

Answer 2

OTA classification

lateral condyle simple sagittal fracture
or fragmentary

medial condyle simple sagittal or fragmentary

Hoffa fracture

coronal fracture of the anterior aspect of the condyle

more common , and occurs in the lateral condyle
of corneal fracture of the posterior aspect of the condyle- most common

Question 3

what causes hoffa fractures ?

Answer 3

occurs due to axial compression in a flexed knee

Question 4

what causes sagittal fractures of the condyle ?

Answer 4

lateral condyle - valgus stress

medial condyle = varus stress

Question 5

how do we treat the sagittal condylar fractures ?

Answer 5

undisplaced surgical unfits - long leg cast and hinged knee brace

internal fixation by partially cancellous lag screw

buttress plate fixation - with lag screws through the fracture

Question 6

how do we treat cornel condylar fractures fractures ?

Answer 6

if undisplaced surgical unfits- long leg cast and hinged knee brace

open reduction -
internal fixation by herbert screws (headless compression screws)
Two screws should be used to prevent fragment rotation

Question 7

what are the different types of complete articular fragments ?

Answer 7

OTA

there can be simple intercondylar fracture with simple supra metaphysical fracture fracture associated

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multifragmetory articular fracture

Question 8

what is the treatment for the complete articular fragments ?

Answer 8

open reduction and dynamic condylar screw

buttress condylar locking compression plating

Question 9

what is the complications of articular femoral fracture

Answer 9

damage to posteriorly located popliteal artery

knee instability - interarticular fractures can cause anterior cruciate ligament injury and posterior cruciate ligament injury

lateral condyle fracture - lateral collateralligamnet

medial condylar fracture - medial collateral ligament

hardware prominence and migration

nonunion

malunion

Question 10

what is the role of the anterior cruciate ligament ?

Answer 10

prevents the femur from sliding backward on the tibia

Question 11

what i the role of the posterioir cruciate ligament ?

Answer 11

prevents the femur from sliding forward on the tibia

Question 12

what is the function of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments ?

Answer 12

prevent the femur from sliding side to side