Intox and withdrawal Flashcards
Examples of depressants
alcohol
opioids
barbituates
BNZs
alcohol intoxication
emotional lability slurred speech ataxia coma blackouts
General depressant intoxication presentation
mood elevation, decreased anxiety, sedation, behavioral disinhibition, respiratory depression
general depressant withdrawal presentation
anxiety, tremor, seizures, insomnia
alcohol withdrawal
autonomic hyperactivity, DT
opioid intoxication
euphoria
respiratory and CNS depression, decreased gag reflex, pupillary constriction, seizures
opioid withdrawal
sweating, dilated pupils, piloerection, fever, rhinorrhea, yawning, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea
barbituate intoxication
marked respiratory depression
*low safety margin
barbituate withdrawal
delirium, CV collapse (life threatening)
BNZ intoxication
ataxia, minor respiratory depression
BNZ withdrawal
sleep disturbance, depression, rebound anxiety, seizure
Tx for alcohol withdrawal
if DT: BNZ
Tx for opioid intix
naloxone, naltrexone
Tx for opioid withdrawal
long-term support, methadone, buprenorphine
Tx for barbituates intox
symptom management
treatment for BNZ intox
supportive care
flumazenil
tx for BNZ withdrawal
flumazenil
Name some stimulants
amphetamines, cocaine, caffeine, nicotine
general stimulant intoxication presentation
mood elevation, psychomotor agitation, insomnia, cardiac arrhythmias, tachycardia, anxiety
general stimulant withdrawal presentation
post-use “crash” –> depression, lethargy, weight gain, headache
amphetamine intox
euphoria, grandiosity, pupillary dilation, prolonged wakefulness and attention, HTN, tachycardia, anorexia, paranoia, fever
Severe: cardiac arrest, seizure
amphetamine withdrawal
anhedonia, increased appetite, hyper somnolence, existential crisis
cocaine intox
impaired judgement, pupillary dilation, hallucinations, paranoid ideations, angina, sudden cardiac death
Tx of cocaine intox
BNZ
cocaine withdrawal
hypersomnolence, malaise, severe psychological craving, depression/suicidality
caffeine intox:
restlessness, increased diuresis, muscle twitching
caffeine withdrawal
lack of conc., headache
nicotine intox
restlessness
nicotine withdrawal
irritability, anxiety, craving
What is the cause of delirium tremens? When does it occur?
life-threatening alcohol withdrawal that peaks 2-5 days after last drink
What are the symptoms of delirium tremens?
1st: autonomic system hyperactivity (tachycardia, tremors, anxiety, seizures)
2nd: psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions)
3rd: confusion
