Into to Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

the totality of an organism’s chemical reactions

Question 2

Metabolic pathway

Answer 2

using a specific molecule that is altered in a series of defined steps that resutls in a certain product

Question 3

Catabolic pathway

Answer 3

breakdown pathway; breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds

Question 4

anabolic pathways

Answer 4

consume energy to build complicated molecules form simpler ones; aka biosynthetic pathways

Question 5

energy

Answer 5

the capacity to cause changet

Question 6

thermal energy

Answer 6

the kinetic energy associated witht he random movement of atoms or molecules

Question 7

kinetic energy

Answer 7

energy associated with the relative motion of objects

Question 8

potential energy

Answer 8

energy that is not kinetic

Question 9

chemical energy

Answer 9

the potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

Question 10

First law of Thermodynamics

Answer 10

energy can be transferred and transformed but it cannot be created or destroyed; conservation of energy

Question 11

Second law of Thermodynamics

Answer 11

Energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe

Question 12

Entropy

Answer 12

the measure of disorder or randomness

Question 13

Spontaneous process

Answer 13

processes that can proceed without requiring an input of energy

Question 14

Free energy

Answer 14

the portion of a system’s energy that can perform work when the temperature and pressure are uniform throuht the system

Question 15

Gibbs Free Energy Equation

Answer 15

delta G= deltaH - TdeltaS
Dela S= change in the systems entropy
T is temps

Question 16

Exergonic Reaction

Answer 16

Energy outward; occur spontaneously; net release of free energy

Question 17

Endergonic reaction

Answer 17

absorbs free energy from its surroundings; breaking bonds requires energy

Question 18

Chemical work

Answer 18

the pushing of endergonic reactions that would not occur spontaneously

Question 19

Transport Work

Answer 19

the pumping of substances across membranes against the direction of spontaneous movement

Question 20

Mechanical work

Answer 20

movement of parts; ie moving of chromosomes during cellular reproduciton

Question 21

Energy coupling

Answer 21

the use of exergonic process to drive an endergonic process

Question 22

ATP

Answer 22

adenosine triphosphate: a sugar ribose, nitrogenous base adenine, and chain of three phosphate groups

Question 23

Allosteric regulation

Answer 23

regulatory molecules bind to a specific regulatory site, affecting the shape and funding of the enzyme

Question 24

Feedback inhibition

Answer 24

the end product of a metabolic pathway allosterically inhibits the enzyme for a pervious step in the pathway