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Para 3 > Intestinal Nematodes > Flashcards

Intestinal Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q
  1. In intestinal nematodes, what is parthenogenesis?
    a. the development of an unfertilized egg into an adult
    b. the initial development of male reproductive organs and subsequent development of female reproductive organs
    c. the development of the multi-nucleated nurse cell
    d. none of the above
A

a. the development of an unfertilized egg into an adult

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2
Q
  1. Some female nematodes, specifically Trichinella, are monodelphic which means:
    a. they have one ovary
    b. they have one uterus
    c. they have one ovary and they have one uterus
    d. none of the above
A

c. they have one ovary and they have one uterus

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3
Q
  1. Trichuris trichiuria is a hookworm.
    True
    False
A

False

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a way that Ancylostoma duodenale differs from Necator americanus?
    a. Ancylostoma duodenale can infect hosts orally and transplacentally in addition to skin penetration
    b. Ancylostoma duodenale cannot be found in the New World
    c. Ancylostoma duodenale can demonstrate arrested development
    d. Ancylostoma duodenale consumes more blood
    e. Ancylostoma duodenale can live at cooler temperatures.
    f. Ancylostoma duodenale has higher fecundity than Necator americanus.
A

b. Ancylostoma duodenale cannot be found in the New World

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5
Q
  1. How can you distinguish between Strongyloides and hookworm infections?
    a. Strongyloides parasites primarily exhibit larva in feces, while hookworms pass eggs in feces.
    b. Hookworms primarily exhibit larva in feces, while Strongyloides parasites pass eggs in feces.
    c. The eggs in feces are identical, so diagnosis is by clinical symptoms.
    d. The larva in feces are identical, so diagnosis is by clinical symptoms.
A

a. Strongyloides parasites primarily exhibit larva

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6
Q
  1. What is a potential complication of an Enterobius infection?
    a. Circulation of the parasite in the blood
    b. Causing lymph to pool, eventually resulting in Elephantiasis
    c. Infecting the genital tract or reproductive tract
    d. None of the above; the worst thing that can happen is malnutrition
A

c. Infecting the genital tract or reproductive tract

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7
Q
  1. Proliferation of which of the following is most characteristic of worm infections?
    a. Neutrophils
    b. CD4 cells
    c. Alternatively activated macrophages
    d. Eosinophils
A

d. Eosinophils

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8
Q
  1. The digestive tract in Nematodes is complete.
    a. True
    b. False
A

a. True

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9
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is false regarding Trichuris trichiuria?
    a. have stichocytes
    b. do not have phasmids
    c. eggs are fully embryonated
    d. are monodelphic
A

c. eggs are fully embryonated

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10
Q
  1. In Trichinella spp. the same host serves as definitive and intermediate host.
    True
    False
A

True

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11
Q
  1. Strongyloides stercoralis undergoes the {} cycle during unfavorable conditions and undergoes the {Heterogonic|heterogonic} cycle when conditions are favorable to become free-living organisms.
A

Homogonic|homogonic

Heterogonic|heterogonic

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12
Q
  1. One of the symptoms caused by Necator Americanus is geophagy, what does geophagy mean?
    a. excessive parasitic eggs in feces
    b. tendency to act lazy
    c. craving to eat soil
    d. severe anemia
A

c. craving to eat soil

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13
Q
  1. In the autoinfection phase of Strongyloides Stercoralis, WWII veterans were infected for over 50 years.
    True
    False
A

True

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14
Q
  1. In the lifecycle of Ascaris lumbricoides, the second stage larva hatches in the small intestine after host ingestion of the infective egg.
    True
    False
A

True

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15
Q
  1. Enterobius infections can be diagnosed by observing eggs in fecal samples.
    True
    False
A

False

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16
Q
  1. The adult stages of Anisakis can be found in the stomach of which of the following:
    a. marine animals
    b. gastroprods
    c. humans
    d. a and b only
A

a. marine animals

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17
Q
  1. In a Trichuris Trichiura infection, symptoms include:
    a. Bloody Stools
    b. Pain in the lower abdomen
    c. Weight loss
    d. Rectal Prolapse
    e. Anemia
    f. All of the above
A

f. All of the above

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18
Q
  1. In the life cycle of a Trichinella Spiralis, the worm requires how many host to complete its life cycle?
    a. 1
    b. 2
    c. 3
    d. None
A

a. 1

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19
Q
  1. The larval and adult stage of Trichinella Spiralis occurs in different organs.
    True
    False
A

True

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20
Q
  1. Which of the following is a symptom of Trichuris?
    a. pneumonia
    b. inflammation of lymph nodes
    c. intense itching
    d. rectal prolapse
A

d. rectal prolapse

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21
Q
  1. The male of a Trichinella Spiralis measures 1.5 by 0.04mm.
    True
    False
A

True

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22
Q
  1. The female of a trichinella Spiralis measures 3.5 by 0.06 mm.
    True
    False
A

True

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23
Q
  1. The larvae of a Trichuris Trichiura hatches in the ___________.
    a. Stomach
    b. Big intestine
    c. Upper portion of small intestine.
    d. Brain
A

c. Upper portion of small intestine.

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24
Q
  1. Adult Trichuris Trichiura whipworms can occur in_______________.
    a. Host colon
    b. Host appendix
    c. Host rectum
    d. all of the above
A

d. all of the above

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25
Q
  1. The adult stage of Anisakis species is found in the liver of marine mammals.
    True
    False
A

False

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26
Q
  1. What is the most recommended treatment for Anisakis species infection?
    a. Metronidazole
    b. Surgical removal of larvae
    c. Chloroquine
    d. Mebendazole
    e. No treatment
A

b. Surgical removal of larvae

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27
Q
  1. The prevention of Anisakis parasites include :
    a. Freezing fish after catch
    b. Limiting the consumption of raw fish
    c. Limiting the consumption of crustaceans
    d. All of the above
    e. b and c
A

d. All of the above

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28
Q
  1. Anisakis parasites are NOT commonly found in __________?
    a. US
    b. China
    c. Japan
    d. Scandinavian countries
    e. All of the above
A

b. China

29
Q
  1. What is the taxonomy of Enterobius vermicularis?
    a. Class Serencentea, Order Oxyurida, Family Oxyuridae
    b. Class Serencentea, Order Ascarididia, Family Oxyuridae
    c. Class Serencentea, Order Oxyurida, Family Ascaridida
    d. Class Serencentea, Order Ascarididia, Family Enterobidae
A

a. Class Serencentea, Order Oxyurida, Family Oxyuridae

30
Q
  1. Enterobius vermicularis, also known as pinworms, primarily inhabits the anus.
    True
    False
A

False

31
Q
  1. Enterobius vermicularis is commonly found in:
    a. Elderly
    b. Young adults
    c. Children
    d. Men
    e. Women
A

c. Children

32
Q
  1. What is the most common nematode that parasitizes humans?
    a. Strongyloides stercoralis
    b. Ancylostoma duodenale
    c. Necator americanus
    d. Ascaris lumbricoide
    e. Enterobius vermicularis
A

e. Enterobius vermicularis

33
Q
  1. Strongyloides eggs are seldom seen in feces.
    True
    False
A

True

34
Q
  1. Intestinal nematodes have the most developed excretory system.
    True
    False
A

False

35
Q
  1. Trichuris trichiuria have a capillary like esophagus.
    True
    False
A

True

36
Q
  1. Ascaris lumbricoides is known as a prolific egg producer, producing up to _____ eggs a day.
    a. 5,000,000
    b. 20,000
    c. 200,000
    d. 50,000
A

c. 200,000

37
Q
  1. What is the largest of common nematode parasite that infects humans?
    a. Strongyloides stercoralis
    b. Ancylostoma duodenale
    c. Necator americanus
    d. Ascaris lumbricoide
    e. Enterobius vermicularis
A

d. Ascaris lumbricoide

38
Q
  1. Ascaris lumbricoides females are ___ than males and these females can be as long as ___ cm.
    a. shorter, 35
    b. shorter, 100
    c. longer, 35
    d. longer, 100
A

c. longer, 35

39
Q
  1. Which of the following larva is considered an intracellular parasite and called ‘The worm that would be a virus’ by Despomier?
    a. Trichuris Trichura
    b. Strongyloides stercoralis
    c. Trichinella spiralis
    d. Necator americanus
A

c. Trichinella spiralis

40
Q
  1. The common names pinworm and whipworm refer to which of the following, respectively?
    a. Enterobius vermicularis and Trichuris Trichura
    b. Trichuris Trichura and Ancylostoma duodenale
    c. Trichuris Trichura and Necator americanus
    d. Enterobius vermicularis and Ancylostoma duodenale
A

a. Enterobius vermicularis and Trichuris Trichura

41
Q
  1. Which of the following is the correct prevention of S. fuelleborni?
    a. Screening of pregnant women and give them treatment.
    b. Appropriate disposal of human waste
    c. Taking fugacar
    d. a & b are correct
    e. b & c are correct
A

d. a & b are correct

42
Q
  1. The drug mebendazole is the most effective method for treating Trichinella spiralis.
    True
    False
A

False

43
Q
  1. Strongyloides stercoralis belong in the order Strongylida.
    True
    False
A

False

44
Q
  1. There are ____ cases of trichuriasis and ____ cases of ascariasis every year. (TERRIBLE WORDING… this would mean every year everyone in the world (7 billion) would get infected once while some get infected twice or more). There are ___ cases of trichuriasis and ___ cases of ascariasis:
    a. 1 million, 8 million
    b. 8 million, 1 million
    c. 8 billion, 1 billion 800 million, 1 billion
    d. 1 billion, 8 billion
A

c. 8 billion, 1 billion 800 million, 1 billion

45
Q
  1. Match the picture with the correlating species.
    [whipworm] 1. Trichuris trichiuria
    [figure eight] 2. Strongyloides stercoralis
    [ah] 3. Necator americanus
    [semiwhip] 4. Trichinella spiralis
A

[whipworm] 1. Trichuris trichiuria
[figure eight] 2. Strongyloides stercoralis
[ah] 3. Necator americanus
[semiwhip] 4. Trichinella spiralis

46
Q
  1. This barrel-shaped egg is characteristic of which species?
    a. Trichinella spiralis
    b. Trichuris trichiura
    c. Ancylostoma duodenal
    d. necator americanus
A

b. Trichuris trichiura

47
Q
  1. Which are characteristic symptoms of Trichuris trichiura infection? Pick all that apply
    a. Blood in stool
    b. Mild anemia
    c. Vomiting
    d. Growth retardation
    e. Diarrhea
    f. Rectal prolapse
    g. Acid Reflux
A

f. Rectal prolapse
d. Growth retardation
a. Blood in stool
b. Mild anemia

48
Q
  1. Trichuris eggs are characterized by ____? Pick all that apply
    a. barrel shape
    b. double shell
    c. a vitelline membrane
    d. monopolar appearance
A

c. a vitelline membrane

a. barrel shape

49
Q
  1. Trichinella spiralis lay larvae rather than eggs.
    True
    False
A

True

50
Q
  1. How long does it take for Trichinella spiralis to develop from a larvae to an adult.
    a. 5 days
    b. 2 weeks
    c. one month
    d. 7-9 days
A

a. 5 days

51
Q
  1. What is the infective stage of Trichinellosis? Pick all that apply
    a. L1
    b. L2
    c. Filariform
    d. Rhabditiform
A

d. Rhabditiform

a. L1

52
Q
  1. Where is Trichuris trichiuria more likely to be found?
    a. Arizona
    b. New York
    c. Hawaii
    d. Georgia
A

d. Georgia

53
Q
  1. Laura goes to the physician concerned because she recently had two seizures and has had chest pain, difficulty breathing, and constant headaches for a while. In addition, she has what appears like a wheel on the skin of her thigh and liquid has accumulated around her eyes. The doctor orders serological tests, which reveal that she has marked eosinophilia. What might be true of Laura’s condition?
    Pick all that apply.
    a. The parasitic larvae has migrated into body tissue.
    b. Laura has been infected by multiple Trichuris trichiuria worms.
    c. Laura ingested the parasite by eating uncooked beef.
    d. She has probably been infected by Trichinella spiralis.
A

d. She has probably been infected by Trichinella spiralis.

a. The parasitic larvae has migrated into body tissue.

54
Q
  1. {} on the surface of Trichinella spiralis stimulate host response, which is usually the rapid expulsion of L1 from the {}.
A

Glycoproteins.

small intestine

55
Q
  1. In what order is the genus Strongyloides?
    a. Trichocephalida
    b. Rhabditia
    c. Strongylida
    d. Ascaridida
A

b. Rhabditia

56
Q
  1. Strongyloides parasites are usually seen as females.
    a. true
    b. false
A

a. true

57
Q
  1. Which is more likely to be infected by Strongyloides?
    a. A five year old boy who plays in a sandbox all day.
    b. A 70 year old African American female in a nursing home.
    c. A 25 year old female Japanese American whose favorite dish is sushi.
    d. A 35 year old male physician who has two golden retrievers at home and just found out he has AIDS.
A

d. A 35 year old male physician who has two golden retrievers at home and just found out he has AIDS.

58
Q
  1. Which of these is not a stage of Strongyloides infection?
    a. Cutaneous Phase
    b. Pulmonary Phase
    c. Intestinal Phase
    d. Systemic Phase
A

d. Systemic Phase

59
Q
  1. Strongyloides fuelleborni eggs are passed in feces. (isn’t this false?) No it’s true. Fulelleborni is the exceptional species of strongyloides because it passes eggs through feces
    True
    False
A

True

60
Q
  1. After assessing a patient, a physician determines that he was infected by Strongyloides parasites. What methods did the doctor probably utilize to come to this conclusion? (select all that apply)
    a. Identification of eggs in feces
    b. Identification of larvae in feces
    c. Serological tests like ELISA
    d. Identification of eggs in sputum
A

b. Identification of larvae in feces

c. Serological tests like ELISA

61
Q
  1. Ela recently went on a humanitarian aid trip to Haiti and returned to the United States with geophagy, iron deficiency anemia, and an undiagnosed pulmonary infection. Upon investigation, the doctor discovered multiple parasitic worms with large ventral teeth inside of her body. Furthermore the worms have vulva in the posterior half of their bodies. What was the infectious worm species? How might have she become infected?
    a. Necator americanus, Ela ingested the parasite orally.
    b. Necator americanus, The parasite penetrated skin.
    c. Ancylostoma duodenale, Either Ela ingested the parasite orally, or the parasite penetrated the skin.
    d. Ancylostoma duodenale, The parasite penetrated the skin.
A

c. Ancylostoma duodenale, Either Ela ingested the parasite orally, or the parasite penetrated the skin.

62
Q
  1. {} beetles appear to make soil suitable for hookworm development.
A

Dung

63
Q
  1. Hookworm diseases are dependent on:
    a. # of worms
    b. Species of hookworm
    c. Immunological condition of infected person
    d. All of the above.
A

a. # of worms

b. Species of hookworm

64
Q
  1. What parasite is useful for treating Ebola virus? Why?
    a. Whipworm; contain bacteria that might combat virus.
    b. Threadworm; secrete SH coagulants help stop blood bleeding.
    c. Hookworm; secrete anticoagulants treat blood clots.
    d. None of the above.
A

c. Hookworm; secrete anticoagulants treat blood clots.

65
Q
  1. Which of these is false regarding the lifecycle of Ancylostoma duodenale
    a. Passes through the lungs.
    b. Development can be arrested.
    c. Worm molts twice in digestive tract before reaching the small intestines.
    d. Can be acquired via the oral route, the percutaneous route, and the transplacental route.
A

a. Passes through the lungs.

66
Q
  1. Necator is more pathogenic than Ancylostoma.
    True
    False
A

False

67
Q
  1. The drug mebendazole affects helminthes by binding {}, the protein that makes up microtubules, and by inhibiting {} uptake.
A

tubulin, glucose

68
Q
  1. The infective stage of Ascaris is {}.
A

L2

69
Q
  1. The egg on the left is {}, but the egg on the right is {}. Fill with fertilized or unfertilized.
A

unfertilized, fertilized

Para 3 (5 decks)

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