Blood and Tissue Nematodes Flashcards
1
Q
- Which of the following is FALSE regarding Filarial worms?
a. They undergo cyclodevelopmental transmission
b. They are all parasitized by Wolbachia
c. Females produce microfilariae
d. They do not multiply in the vector
A
b. They are all parasitized by Wolbachia
2
Q
- Which of the following is NOT an important factor for diagnosis of filarial infections?
a. Determining whether the microfilariae are sheathed
b. The characteristic arrangement of nuclei at the posterior end
c. Periodicity of the infection
d. Ensuring you use a fecal, not blood, sample
A
d. Ensuring you use a fecal, not blood, sample
3
Q
- What is the periodicity of microfilariae circulation dependent upon?
a. The particular species (strain)
b. Geographic area
c. The feeding time of the vector that transmitted the parasite
d. All of the above
A
d. All of the above
4
Q
- Although Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi both live in and around the lymph nodes, they differ in the fact that:
a. Wuchereria bancrofti is smaller
b. Man is the only known host of Wuchereria bancrofti
c. Brugia malayi’s vector is the Culex spp.
d. Brugia malayi is more geographically widespread.
A
b. Man is the only known host of Wuchereria bancrofti
5
Q
- What is the difference between the lymphatic presentation resulting from Wuchereria bancrofti and the lymphatic presentation resulting from Onchocerca?
a. In Onchocerca, it results from having microfilariae instead of adults in the lymph nodes.
b. In Wuchereria bancrofti, it results from having microfilariae instead of adults in the lymph nodes.
c. The resulting nodules of Onchocerca are only seen in the upper half of the body
d. The resulting nodules of Onchocerca are only seen in the lower half of the body
A
a. In Onchocerca, it results from having microfilariae instead of adults in the lymph nodes.
6
Q
- How does Loa Loa differ from the other filarial infections?
a. Adults migrate constantly
b. It does not have Wolbachia bacteria
c. Its males are bigger than its females
d. Adults migrate constantly and it does not have Wolbachia bacteria
A
d. Adults migrate constantly and it does not have Wolbachia bacteria
7
Q
- The periodicity of Microfilariae circulation in blood does not depend on the geographic area where it is living.
True
False
A
False
8
Q
- Which of these is/are final host(s) to Wuchereria bancrofti?
a. Mosquitoes
b. Humans
c. Pigs
d. A and B
A
b. Humans
9
Q
- In regards to Onchocerca volvulus, microfilariae circulate in
a. lymphatics
b. skin
c. brain
d. a + b
e. b + c
A
d. a + b
10
Q
- Nodules are NOT formed from host inflammatory response to worm.
True
False
A
False
11
Q
- Which of the following is true regarding Loa Loa, the eye worm?
a. Adults migrate in subcutaneous tissue.
b. Microfilariae are unsheathed and have a row of nuclei to the end of the rounded posterior.
c. Microfilariae circulate in lymphatic tissue.
d. Periodicity is nocturnal.
A
a. Adults migrate in subcutaneous tissue.
12
Q
- The definitive host of Dirofilaria immitis is:
a. dog
b. cat
c. fish
d. human
e. marine mammals
A
a. dog
13
Q
- What is the treatment for common dog parasites such as Dirofilaria immitis, Ancylostoma caninum, Strongyloids stercoralis, and Trichuris vulpis?
a. Surgery
b. Ivermectin
c. Streptomycin
d. Diethylcarbamazine
A
b. Ivermectin
14
Q
- Onchocera volvulus, commonly known as river blindness, causes these symptoms :
a. Onchocercal dermatitis
b. Rash and skin fibrosis
c. Hypopigmentation
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
A
d. All of the above
15
Q
- One of the best methods in preventing Onchocerca volvulus is by controlling the black fly breeding.
True
False
A
True
16
Q
- Where are the adult worms of Onchocerca volvulus located?
a. small intestine
b. large intestine
c. subcutaneous tissues
d. cornea
e. keratin
A
c. subcutaneous tissues
17
Q
- The only known vector of Onchocerca volvulus is ______.
a. Simulium species
b. Culex species
c. Culicoides species
d. Apartinoide species
e. None of the above
A
a. Simulium species
18
Q
- Microfilariae circulation in blood is constant and on-going.
a. True
b. False
A
b. False
19
Q
- What is the treatment for brugia infection?
a. Diethylcarbamazine
b. Ivermectin
c. Doxycyline
d. all of the above
A
d. all of the above
20
Q
- In Africa, Onchocerca volvulus is commonly found in what body part?
a. Pelvic region
b. Facial region
c. Leg region
d. Abdominal region
e. Chest region
A
a. Pelvic region
21
Q
- What is the name of the disease caused by Onchocerca volvulus?
a. Typhoid fever
b. River blindness
c. West nile disease
d. Dengue fever
A
b. River blindness
22
Q
- The dog heartworm is known as
a. Loa loa
b. Onchocerca volvulus
c. Dirofilaria Immitis
d. None of the above.
A
c. Dirofilaria Immitis
23
Q
- Wuchereria and Brugia are both lymphatic filariasis and have preferences to the pelvic area in hosts.
a. True
b. False
A
b. False
24
Q
- The agent of river blindness, Onchocerca volvulus, occurs mainly in Africa, with additional foci in Latin America and the Middle East.
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
25
Q
- Wuchereria has nocturnal periodicity.
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
26
Q
- Microfilariae are more differentiated than L1 larvae of other nematodes This was true before It is false, It would be true if it said less.
a. True
* b. False
A
b. False
27
Q
- Which of the following is important in diagnosing filarial worms?
a. Central column of nuclei
b. Sheathed or unsheathed
c. Arrangement of sheathed or unsheathed worms
d. b and c
e. all of the above
A
e. all of the above
28
Q
- Diurnal periodicity occurs during the____ around ______. Pick the best answer
a. daytime, 6 am
b. daytime, 12 pm
c. nighttime, 6 pm
d. nighttime, 12 am
e. None of the above
A
b. daytime, 12 pm
29
Q
- Nocturnal periodicity occurs during the ____ around ____ . Pick the best answer.
a. daytime, 10am-2pm
b. nighttime, 10pm-2am
c. daytime, 6am-10am
d. nighttime, 6pm-8pm
e. None of the above
A
b. nighttime, 10pm-2am
30
Q
- Wucheria bancrofti adults live in and around ___________.
a. Muscular system
b. Integumentary system
c. Lymphatic system
d. Digestive system
e. Circulatory system
A
c. Lymphatic system
31
Q
- Which of the following is the intermediate host and vector of Wuchereria bancrofti?
a. Culex
b. mosquitoes
c. Anopheles
d. Aedes
e. All of the above
A
e. All of the above
`
32
Q
- Which of the following is the nocturnal intermediate host and vector of Wuchereria bancrofti ?
a. Culex
b. Anopheles
c. Aedes
d. None of the above
A
a. Culex
33
Q
33. Which of the following is the daytime intermediate host and vector of Wuchereria bancrofti? a. Culex b. Anopheles c. Aedes d. b and c e. None of the above
A
d. b and c
34
Q
- Which of the following is the only known host of Wuchereria?
a. Man
b. Mammals
c. Marine mammals
d. Mosquitoes
e. None of the above
A
a. Man
35
Q
- Wuchereria bancrofti has a preference for certain types of tissues. Which of the following is NOT the preferred tissue?
a. Testicular tissue
b. Lymphatic glands of groin
c. Labia and mammary glands of females
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
A
e. None of the above
36
Q
- Wucheria and Brugia samples should be collected only once during the day to maximize the identification and visualization of the microfilariae for diagnosis.
a. True
b. False
A
b. False
37
Q
- Genital lesions are commonly seen in Brugia infections, because Brugia species preferentially resides in the scrotal area.
a. True
b. False
A
b. False
38
Q
- The periodicity of Loa Loa, the eyeworm, is ______.
a. Nocturnal
b. Diurnal
c. It does not have one
d. a and b
A
b. Diurnal
39
Q
- The periodicity of Wuchereria in the South Pacific is _____.
a. Nocturnal
b. Diurnal
c. It does not have one
d. a and b
A
b. Diurnal
40
Q
- All of the following are differences between Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi except:
a. Wuchereria is widespread whereas Brugia is found mostly in southeast Asia.
b. Humans are the only known hosts for Wuchereria, but Brugia infects other primates and felines.
c. The typical vector for Wuchereria is Culex; the typical vector for Brugia is Mansonia.
d. Wuchereria are sheathed; Brugia are unsheathed.
A
d. Wuchereria are sheathed; Brugia are unsheathed.
41
Q
- After the Microfilariae unsheath in the mosquito gut, it then________.
a. Divides in the vector
b. Undergoes three molts becoming L3 larvae
c. Migrates to the thoracic muscles
d. Undergoes two molts becoming L1 larvae
A
c. Migrates to the thoracic muscles
42
Q
- Jessica Chocolate is a patient at Dr. Kimberly’s clinic. Jessica told Dr. Kim that she has had perineal itching for a month but besides that she has no significant health problems (i.e. her blood pressure is normal and her sugar level is normal). However, Dr. Kim found out that Jessica was prescribed medication for urinary tract infection a few weeks ago. Based on the information given, which one of the following is the most appropriate infection?
a. Pinworm infection
b. Protozoan infection
c. Dipheldic worm infection
d. Anisakis infection
A
a. Pinworm infection
43
Q
- Robin wakes up one day and notices that she feels very fatigued and a little nauseated. A blood pressure test she self-administered reveals it was very low. A visit to the doctor confirms that she is suffering from blood loss–routine checkups prove that she was losing more than 150 microliters per day. What vampiric organism would most likely be responsible for her blood loss?
a. A. duodenale
b. N. americanus
c. Both can be a possibility
d. None of the above
A
a. A. duodenale
44
Q
- Lee returns home from a week long international trip to West/Central Africa. He had been bitten by many flies during his time away but thought nothing of it. Sometime later he notices swelling in the bridge of his nose and near his eye. When he goes to his doctor, he tells him about his trip to Africa. Upon examination of his eye, the doctor notices a worm. Which of the following is the worm most likely in Lee’s eye?
a. Brugia malayi
b. Wuchereria bancrofti
c. Loa Loa
d. Dracunculus medinensis
A
c. Loa Loa
45
Q
- A coal miner from Chile was rescued after 16 hours of being trapped. After bedrest and a normal diet he was diagnosed with anemia. Which hookworm can he be infected with?
a. Necator americanus
b. ascaris lumbricoides
c. ancystostoma duodenale
d. enterobius vermicularis
A
c. ancystostoma duodenale
46
Q
- All of the following are didelphic EXCEPT:
a. ascaris lumbricoides
b. ancylostoma duodenale
c. Trichinella spiralis
d. all of the above
A
c. Trichinella spiralis
47
Q
- After taking her 4 year old son to a birthday party, Sonia notices that her toddler often sticks his hands in his mouth while playing with the other kids. Later at home she also notices that her son’s bottom won’t stop itching each time night time arrives. Which parasite is responsible for severe night time itch?
a. enterobius vermicularis
b. ascaris lumbricoides
c. necator americanus
d. filariform larva
A
a. enterobius vermicularis
48
Q
- Which of the following has testicular preference?
a. Brugia Malayi
b. Wuchereria bancrofti
c. Loa Loa
d. none of the above
A
b. Wuchereria bancrofti
49
Q
- The universal symbol for healthcare is illustrated by a caduceus. Which worm was slowly extracted by wrapping itself around a stick in order to not rupture it and release the larvae inside?
a. guinea worm
b. pinworm
c. earthworm
d. dog heart worm
A
a. guinea worm
