Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gastrointestinal > Intestinal failure > Flashcards

Intestinal failure Flashcards

1
Q

What is intestinal failure?

A

This is the inability to maintain adequate nutrition or fluid status via the intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many types of intestinal failure are there?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is meant by type I intestinal failure?

A

This is intestinal failure caused by surgical ileus, critical illness or GI problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some gastrointestinal problems that can cause type I intestinal failure?

A

Vomiting
Dysphagia
Pancreatitis
GI obstruction
Diarrhoea
Oncology (Tumour or chemo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is type I intestinal failure usually treated?

A

Usually short term and self limiting
Symptom Relief:
Fluid replacement
IV nutrition
Acid support (PPIs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is type II intestinal failure?

A

This is a reversible form of intestinal failure usually caused post surgery by adhesions, fistulae, vascular embolism, radiation or sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is type II intestinal failure usually treated?

A

IV fluid
Naso-gastric or oral feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is type III intestinal failure?

A

This is short bowel syndrome, which is a s short bowel caused by a pathology of the bowel?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some causes of type III intestinal failure?

A

Crohn’s disease
Radiation
Dysmotility
Scleroderma
CV immunodeficiency
Inoperable cancer causing obstruction
Volvulus
Vascular disaster (Embolism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is type III intestinal failure usually treated?

A

Total parenteral feeding (IV) even at home
Intestinal transplantation
Ileostomy
Teduglutide in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some bowel lengthening procedures available in type III intestinal failure?

A

The bianchi procedure
Serial transverse enteroplasty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the bianchi procedure?

A

This involves splitting the main lumen of the intestine into 2 smaller lumen, therefor increasing the surface area and decreasing the speed at which food moves through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is serial transverse enteroplasty?

A

This involves forming projections within the small intestine, which increases surface area and decreases the speed at which food moves through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the usual length of the jejunum and ileum together?

A

6-7m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What length of functioning bowel is classified as short bowel?

A

< 2m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What length of functioning bowel is classified as ultra small?

A

<50 cm

17
Q

What are the 4 main surgical procedures that can cause small bowel syndrome?

A

Jejunostomy
Ileostomy
Jejuno-colic anastomosis
Ileo-colic anastomosis

18
Q

What are the 2 types of venous access in parenteral nutrition?

A

Central
Peripheral

19
Q

How is peripheral PN feeding given?

A

Via a 22G blue cannula
This contains no lipids and reduced calories, so some oral or nasogastric feeding can be performed

20
Q

How is central PN feeding given?

A

This is inserted via a PICC, a tunnelled catheter or portocath via ultrasound

21
Q

What are PICC lines and where are they inserted?

A

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter
Inserted into the arm and fed into the entrance to the right atrium

22
Q

What are the 2 types of tunnelled catheters and where are they inserted?

A

Subclavian - Into the subclavian vein
Hickman - Into the internal jugular vein

23
Q

Where are portacaths inserted?

A

They are inserted directly through the chest and into the right atrium

24
Q

What are some complications with catheter insertion?

A

Risk of sepsis, occlusion, displacement or breakage
Also requires immunosuppression

25
Q

What are some liver problems that can occur due to lack of use of the GI tract?

A

Liver steatosis
Fibrosis
Cirrhosis
Portal hypertension

26
Q

What are some gallbladder problems that can occur due to lack of use of the GI tract?

A

Cholelithiasis
Sludge
Acalculous disease

27
Q

What are some systemic problems that can occur in bypassing the GI tract?

A

Hyper/Hypoglycaemia
memory disturbance
Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis
Chronic renal insufficiency
Bacteria overgrowth

Gastrointestinal (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions