Interventions with Client/Client Systems

Question 1

Stages of Change

Answer 1

Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse

Question 2

Problem Solving Process

Answer 2

Engaging, Assessing, Planning, Intervening, Evaluating, and Terminating

Question 3

Congruence

Answer 3

The matching of awareness and experience with communication. It is essential that a client is able to express himself or herself and that this communication is reflective of his or her feelings.

Question 4

Stages of Role Playing

Answer 4

Preparation and explanation of the activity

Preparation of the activity

Role playing

Discussion or debriefing after the role play activity

Question 5

Live modeling

Answer 5

watching a real person perform the desired behavior.

Question 6

Symbolic modeling

Answer 6

includes filmed or videotaped models demonstrating the desired behavior

Question 7

participant modeling

Answer 7

an individual models anxiety-evoking behaviors for a client and then prompts the client to engage in the behavior

Question 8

covert modeling

Answer 8

clients are asked to use their imagination, visualizing a particular behavior as another describes the imaginary situation in detail.

Question 9

harm reduction approach

Answer 9

approach refers to any program, policy, or intervention that seeks to reduce or minimize the adverse health and social consequences associated with an illness, condition, and/or behavior, such as substance use, without requiring a client to practice abstinence, discontinue use, or completely extinguish the behavior.

Question 10

Four steps for managing conflict

Answer 10

The recognition of an existing or potential conflict

An assessment of the conflict situation

The selection of an appropriate strategy

Intervention

Question 11

5 Conflict resolution techniques

Answer 11

1. Decreasing the amount of contact between the parties in the early stages of conflict resolution
2. Decreasing the amount of time between problem-solving sessions
3. Decreasing the formality of problem-solving sessions
4. Limiting the scope of the issues that can be discussed
5. Using a third-party mediator

Question 12

4 goals of crisis intervention

Answer 12

1. relieve the impact of stress with emotional and social resources
2. return a client to a previous level of functioning (regain equilibrium)
3. help strengthen coping mechanisms during the crisis period, and
4. develop adaptive coping strategies.

Question 13

First step of stress management

Answer 13

clients need to monitor their stress levels and identify their stress triggers.

Question 14

second step in stress management

Answer 14

to assist clients in identifying what aspects of a situation they can control. For instance, utilize stress-reduction techniques, such as deep breathing, exercise, massage, tai chi, or yoga

Question 15

4 things you can do to empower clients

Answer 15

Establish a relationship aimed at meeting a client’s needs and wishes such as access to social services and benefits or to other sources of information.

Educate a client to improve his or her skills, thereby increasing the ability for self-help.

Help a client to secure resources, such as those from other organizations or agencies, as well as natural support networks, to meet needs.

Unite a client with others who are experiencing the same issues when needed to enable social and political action.

Question 16

partialization

Answer 16

During the problem-solving process, a social worker may need to assist a client to break down problems or goals into less overwhelming and more manageable components.

Question 17

Contraindications for group

Answer 17

client who is in crisis; suicidal; compulsively needy for attention; actively psychotic; and/or paranoid

Question 18

Things to know about working with families

Answer 18

Understand the development of, as well as the historical, conceptual, and contextual issues influencing, family functioning

Have awareness of the impact of diversity in working with families, particularly race, class, culture, ethnicity, gender, sexual preference, aging, and disabilities

Understand the impact of a social worker’s family of origin, current family structure, and its influence on a social worker’s interventions with families

Be aware of the needs of families experiencing unique family problems (domestic violence, blended families, trauma and loss, adoptive families, etc.)

Question 19

11 Key clinical issues for working with families

Answer 19

1. Establishing a contract with the family
2. Examining alliances within the family
3. Identifying where power resides
4. Determining the relationship of each family member to the problem
5. Seeing how the family relates to the outside world
6. Assessing influence of family history on current family interactions
7. Ascertaining communication patterns
8. Identifying family rules that regulate patterns of interaction
9. Determining meaning of presenting symptom in maintaining family homeostasis
10. Examining flexibility of structure and accessibility of alternative action patterns
11. Finding out about sources of external stress and support

Question 20

Strategic Family Therapy

Answer 20

a social worker initiates what happens during therapy, designs a specific approach for each person’s presenting problem, and takes responsibility for directly influencing people.

Question 21

First-Order Change

Answer 21

superficial behavioral changes within a system that do not change the structure of the system

Question 22

Second-Order Change

Answer 22

changes to the systematic interaction pattern so the system is reorganized and functions more effectively

Question 23

Family Homeostasis

Answer 23

families tend to preserve familiar organization and communication patterns; resistant to change

Question 24

Relabeling

Answer 24

changing the label attached to a person or problem from negative to positive so the situation can be perceived differently; it is hoped that new responses will evolve

Question 25

Paradoxical directive or instruction

Answer 25

prescribe the symptomatic behavior so a client realizes he or she can control it; uses the strength of the resistance to change in order to move a client toward goals

Question 26

Structural Family Therapy

Answer 26

This approach stresses the importance of family organization for the functioning of the group and the well-being of its members. A social worker “joins” (engages) the family in an effort to restructure it. Family structure is defined as the invisible set of functional demands organizing interaction among family members. Boundaries and rules determining who does what, where, and when are crucial in three ways.

Question 27

Reasons couples experience problems

Answer 27

Retriggering emotional trauma and not repairing it

An inability to bond or reconnect after hurting or doing damage to one another

Lack of skills or knowledge

Question 28

Gottman Couples Therapy Method

Answer 28

based on the notion that healthy relationships are ones in which individuals know each other’s stresses and worries, share fondness and admiration, maintain a sense of positiveness, manage conflicts, trust one another, and are committed to one another.

Question 29

Five case management activities

Answer 29

(a) assessment, (b) planning, (c) linking, (d) monitoring, and (e) advocacy.

Question 30

Primary Prevention

Answer 30

The goal is to protect people from developing a disease, experiencing an injury, or engaging in a behavior in the first place.

Question 31

Secondary Prevention

Answer 31

Secondary prevention occurs after a disease, injury, or illness has occurred. It aims to slow the progression or limit the long-term impacts. It is often implemented when asymptomatic, but risk factors are present. Secondary prevention also may focus on preventing reinjury.

Question 32

Tertiary Prevention

Answer 32

Tertiary prevention focuses on managing complicated, long-term diseases, injuries, or illnesses. The goal is to prevent further deterioration and maximize quality of life because disease is now established and primary prevention activities have been unsuccessful. However, early detection through secondary prevention may have minimized the impact of the disease.

Question 33

Formative Evaluations

Answer 33

ongoing processes that allow for feedback to be implemented during service delivery. These types of evaluations allow social workers to make changes as needed to help achieve program goals. Needs assessments can be viewed as one type of formative evaluation.

Question 34

Summative Evaluations

Answer 34

occur at the end of services and provide an overall description of their effectiveness. Summative evaluation examines outcomes to determine whether objectives were met. Summative evaluations enable decisions to be made regarding future service directions that cannot be made during implementation. Impact evaluations and cost-benefit analyses are types of summative evaluations.