Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Interventions > Interventions Final > Flashcards

Interventions Final Flashcards

1
Q

grade 1 tissue injury

A
  • pain at time of injury or within first 24 hours
  • mild swelling local tenderness
  • pain when tissue stressed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

grade 2 tissue injury

A
  • moderate pain, requires stopping of activity
  • stress and palpation causes pain
    • ligaments – some fibers may be torn, possibly increased joint mobility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

grade 3 tissue injury

A

near complete or complete avulsion/ tear with severe pain

stress to torn tissue usually painless - torn ligament may result in instability of joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

goal of acute stage and how long the stage lasts

A

protection, allowing healing process to occur
~1-6 days
UNLESS perpetuation of injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

acute stage tissue response and characteristics

A 
vascular changes
exudation of cells and chemicals
clot formation
phagocytosis, neutralization of irritants
early fibroblastic activities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

acute stage tissue response and characteristics

A 
vascular changes
exudation of cells and chemicals
clot formation
phagocytosis, neutralization of irritants
early fibroblastic activities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

clinical signs of acute stage

A

inflammation and pain before tissue resistance (empty end feel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

signs of inflammation

A

swelling, redness, heat, pain at rest (irritating nerves), loss of function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

phase 1 of acute stage

A

control effects of inflammation (PRICE)
prevent deleterious effects of rest
- nondestructive movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what interventions can be done in the acute stage?

A

PROM
massage
muscle setting (w caution)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what interventions can be done in the acute stage?

A

PROM
massage
muscle setting (w caution)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how to control effects of inflammation

A
  • if it hurts, don’t do it*
  • patient education
  • protection with splint/ sling, AD for walking
  • 24-48 PRICE
  • edema control
  • massage
  • gentle grade 1 joint mobilization
  • facilitate wound healing
  • maintain normal function of unaffected tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

strain

A

stretching or tearing of muscle fibers or tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sprain

A

tearing of ligament fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

muscle/tendon rupture or tear

A

partial or complete tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

tendinopathy/ tendinous lesions

A

degeneration of collagen protein that forms tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

synovitis

A

inflammation of synovial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hemarthrosis

A

bleeding in joint cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ganglion

A

abnormal benign swelling on tendon sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of bursae in joints – painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

contusion

A

region of damaged tissue where blood vessels have ruptured; bruise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

contracture

A

condition of shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissues – makes joint and other structures rigid and deformed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

adhesion

A

bands of scar-like tissue that form between 2 surfaces inside the body and cause them to stick together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

purpose of PROM in acute

A

maintains mobility of tissue and fluid dynamics in joint

26
Q

purpose of massage in acute

A

moves fluid and prevents adhesions

27
Q

purpose of muscle setting in acute

A

pumping action increases circulation without causing joint compression
gentle, low intensity isometric contraction

28
Q

low dosage joint mobilization - purpose in acute

A

grade 1-2 distraction and glide
improves fluid movement and maintains cartilage health
reflexively inhibits pain and decreases muscle guarding

29
Q

precautions in acute stage

A

if movement causes pain, either too high of dosage and/or too high intensity

30
Q

contraindications in acute stage

A

NO stretching

NO resistance exercises for inflamed or swollen tissue

31
Q

subacute stage - goals and how long it lasts

A

proliferation, repair, and healing (moderate protection and controlled motion)
~7-21 days post injury, could last up to 6 weeks

32
Q

tissue proliferation, repair and healing in subacute

A
  • collagen synthesis and deposition – bonds created are becoming stronger
  • tissue granulation
  • excessive fibroblast activity
  • new immature CT is FRAGILE but needs (safe) loading
33
Q

clinical signs of 2nd phase subacute

A
  • decreasing inflammation
  • pain with stress or at end range
  • ROM restrictions due to immobilization (might have muscle guarding)
  • muscle weakness and functional restrictions may be present due to disuse or pain (bc limited by healing of tissues)
34
Q

management guidelines subacute

A
  • moderate protection
  • controlled motion
  • non-destructive activities
  • patient education
  • management of pain and inflammation
  • initiation of active exercises
  • initiation and progression of stretching
  • correction of contributing factors
35
Q

criteria for initiating active exercises and stretching

A
  • decreased swelling
  • no constant pain
  • pain not exacerbated by motion in available range
36
Q

what should you educate pt on during the subacute stage?

A
  • expectations (how long process will be, signs to be aware of)
  • HEP
  • resuming normal, non-exacerbating activities (ex: weening off ADs slightly)
37
Q

when you are initiating active exercises, what types of exercises should they be?

A
  • multiple angle, sub maximal isometric exercises (high reps, low load)
  • AROM
  • muscular endurance exercises
  • protected WB exercises
  • concentric only
38
Q

contraindications of active exercise in early subacute

A

do NOT do eccentric or heavy resistance exercises

39
Q

which type of muscle fibers atrophy faster?

A

slow twitch muscles

40
Q

what must be done during/ before stretching?

A

muscles must be warm
pt must relax
use the new ROM after stretching

41
Q

signs of excessive stress

A
  • soreness greater than 4 hours and not resolved after 24 hrs
  • pain earlier or increased
  • progressively increased stiffness (inc edema, muscle guarding) or decreased ROM between sessions
  • swelling, redness, warmth in healing tissue
  • decreased functional use
42
Q

chronic stage - goals and time frame

A
  • minimal to no protection/ return to function
  • maturation and remodeling
  • ~21 days to 18 months
43
Q

tissue response during chronic stage

A
  • collagen fibers become THICKER and reorient in response to stress — much stronger
  • improvement in collagen quality
44
Q

after _____, scars become resistant to remodeling

A

14 weeks

45
Q

clinical signs of 3rd phase chronic

A
  • no signs of inflammation
  • limitations in ROM due contractures/ adhesions not pain (not chronic if there is an empty end feel)
  • decreased muscle performance
  • decreased usage of involved part of inability to participate normally in expected activities
46
Q

chronic stage management guidelines

A
  • minimal protection
  • ** return to function
  • patient education
  • exercise progression
  • stretching progression
  • progressing muscle performance: control, strength, endurance
  • return to high - demand activities (athletics, job skills)
  • progressive exercise (flexibility, strength)
  • use controlled forces
  • monitor, progress, modify
47
Q

what should you be educating pt on during chronic stage?

A
  • HEP
  • self-monitoring **
  • establishment of guidelines to safe return to work/ play with PT
48
Q

if tightness persists in joint, do…

A

joint mobilization

49
Q

if there is a limitation in muscle length, do…

A

stretching

50
Q

if limitation in strength, do…

A

strengthening in controlled manner

51
Q

if limitation in higher level activities, do…

A

work or sport specific training

52
Q

ways of progressing exercises

A
  • from isolated, unidirectional –> complex and multidimensional
  • strengthening to simulate demands – OKC/ CKC, eccentric/ concentric
53
Q

phase IV is ____ and includes ____

A

return to high demand activities
includes plyometrics, agility training, and skill development
add distractions, doing many things at once, etc.

54
Q

cumulative trauma is…

A

“roundabout” of chronic recurring pain – injury, stress, inflammation

55
Q

tissue response for cumulative trauma

A

state of prolonged inflammation

56
Q

fibroblast activity during chronic inflammation

A

proliferation of fibroblasts with increased collagen production (dumping fibroblasts but they are not being laid down)
degradation of mature collagen – overall weakening of tissue
myofibroblastic activity may lead to progressive limitations in ROM

57
Q

causes of chronic inflammation

A

overuse, cumulative trauma, repetitive straining

  • trauma (i.e. surgery, not following WB restriction)
  • reinjury of “old scar”
  • contractures or poor mobility
58
Q

contributing factors to chronic inflammation

A
  • imbalance between length and strength
  • rapid or excessive repeated eccentric demand (doing too much too fast)
  • muscle weakness
  • bone malalignment or weak structural support
  • change in usual intensity or demands
  • returning to activities too soon after injury
  • sustained awkward postures or motions (ergonomics)
  • environmental factors
  • age related factors
  • training errors
59
Q

clinical signs of chronic inflammation

A
  • PAIN* in involved extremity during and after repetitive activity that may prevent completion and is continued and unremitting
  • contractures or adhesions that limit normal ROM or joint play
  • weakness and imbalance, lead to biomechanics dysfunction
  • faulty movement patterns (due to substitutions)
  • decreased use
60
Q

key things to look for during chronic inflammation

A
  • progressive loss of ROM
  • muscle guarding
    • pull back if there are any problems with interventions in subacute or chronic, or they do not improve symptoms

Interventions (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions