Interventions And Experimental Studies Flashcards
What is the difference between observational studies and experiments?
Observational studies use naturally occurring situations whereas experiments tend to alter the situation under specific study in a specific way
What is the difference between experimental and correlational research?
Correlational: finds naturally occurring relationships
Experimental: artificially manipulates a controlled situation
Why is correlation necessary?
To establish causality however it isn’t sufficient
What can observational find but not establish?
Correlations and cannot establish causality
In an experiment, you manipulate the ? To observe the effect on ?
Independent variable
Dependent variable
What other variables do we need to control?
The extraneous or confounding variables
What are the two basic designs of a study?
A within measures or related measures design (both groups do both conditions)
A between groups or independent measures design (the groups do different conditions)
Why is randomisation used?
It’s used to assign participants to groups in a between groups design
What happens in quasi experiments that doesn’t happen in other group experiments?
We don’t have control of the assignment to groups as they are naturally occurring e.g. Autistic and non-autistic
Should the experimental and control conditions be as similar as possible or be completely different?
Be as similar as possible so that any difference is due to the independent variable
What can be done by researchers to minimise participant expectation or experimenter effects?
Complete the experiment under a double blind basis (this is where the researcher and the participant do not know what condition they are in - usually when looking at a placebo effect)
What does a one tailed or two tailed hypothesis mean?
A one tailed is a directional (this effect will happen) and two tailed is non-directional (there will be an effect but the effect is not specified)
If there is a clear difference between the control group and the treatment group, what does this mean for the hypothesis?
We reject the null hypothesis
