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Key Skills > Analysing Qualitative Data > Flashcards

Analysing Qualitative Data Flashcards

1
Q

What are some important things to consider when collecting data from individual interviews?

A

Single or multiple interviews?
Purposive sampling?
Topic guide or highly structured list of questions?
Inductive approach?
Cohesion between methodological approach and structure of interview - is there a good fit?

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2
Q

What practicalities do you have to consider when using individual interviews?

A 
Piloting: who with and how many?
Incentives
Training for the interviewer
Consent
Confidentiality and anonymity
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3
Q

What challenges could you face when conducting individual interviews?

A

Sensitive subjects
Individual interview that becomes dyad (handling role of career/family/friend
Participants with different views to your own

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4
Q

How do you write a good topic guide?

A

Introduction,who you are, purpose, confidentiality, permission to record
Warm up; non threatening, easy questions
Main body of interview: covering main purpose of the interview
Cooling off: defusing tension, more straightforward questions
Closure: defying queries

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5
Q

What makes a good interview?

A

Pay attention
Show that you are listening
Provide feedback
Don’t interrupt

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6
Q

What are potential advantages of group interviews over individual interviews?

A

Efficiency
Closer to everyday conversation
Generates data that includes interaction between participants on top of interest (debate, discussion, disagreement)
Useful for sensitive subjects

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7
Q

What are some considerations to take when looking at group interviews?

A

Single point in time or repeated measures?
Pre-existing groups?
Use of stimulus materials
Directive/non-directive approach to facilitation

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8
Q

What are the practicalities of group interviews?

A 
Number (usually 4-8)
Incentives for participating
Training for facilitator 
Help for facilitator
Remember to over recruit 
Pilot venue, recruiting
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9
Q

What are some challenges of group interviews?

A

The loud one/ the quiet one
Too many/ too few
Sensitive topics
Ground rules about confidentiality

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10
Q

What is ‘saturation’?

A

In grounded theory, this means that you are not getting any further new information about the key psychological concepts from further interviews

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11
Q

What are the different approaches to analysing qualitative interviews?

A

Conversation analysis
E.g. How do doctors negotiate treatments

Discourse analysis
E.g. Which discourses do depressed people draw on in talking about themselves?

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12
Q

What are some features of thematic analysis?

A

Not tied to any one specific paradigm
Concerned with identifying, analysis, and reporting patterns within your data
Coding (bricks) build into themes (walls)

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13
Q

How is thematic analysis used in psychology?

A 
Data familiarity
Generation of initial codes
Searching for themes
Reviewing themes
Defining and naming themes
Writing up paper
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14
Q

What are some considerations of thematic analysis?

A

Inductive
Deductive
Sematic
Latent

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15
Q

What are some considerations for focus groups?

A

Coding for interactions and group dynamic

Coding for process, not just content

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16
Q

What’re some features of discourse analysis?

A

Frames research questions in terms of what people do with talk
Prefers naturally occurring speech
Interested in talk as social action
Emphasis on language as interaction

17
Q

Features of discourse analysis continued:

A

Analysis of language at level being individual words
Interest in rhetorical devices, repertoires etc
Can be Foucauldian vs constructivist
DA provides both theory and prw time to guide analysis

18
Q

What is Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis?

A

IPA is one of the most popular methods of analysing qualitative data in health psychology
Focus on lived experience and meaning making
Social context of experience views as important (notion of ‘life world’)

19
Q

What are some features of IPA?

A

Often focuses on narrative data, collected via interviews

Origins in phenomenology and hermeneutics

20
Q

What is constant comparative analysis?

A

The idea that you start doing your analysis at the same time as you are collecting your data is very important in grounded theory

21
Q

What does the constant comparative analysis do?

A

Develops categories
Compares across interviews
Develops theory

22
Q

What are the types of analysis approaches?

A 
Content 
Thematic
Discourse
Framework
Interpretative phenomenological 
Grounded theory
Narrative
Conversation
23
Q

What is the process of analysis?

A

Analysis is about organising, understanding, and interpreting your data
Looking for patterns
Moving upwards toward more abstract thinking pl explanation, and theorising

24
Q

What practical exercises do you complete when analysing?

A

Coding
Memos
Theorising

25
Q

What is coding?

A

What are you doing when working with your data e.g. Labelling

26
Q

What is memoing?

A

Writing notes about the data - reflexive account of what you’re doing, what you’re thinking

27
Q

What is theorising?

A

Thinking about your data in a more abstract way. Moving beyond empirical data to interpretation and ideas

28
Q

What are software programs that can be used to help analyse?

A

Nvivo

Atlas

29
Q

How would you know when you’ve finished analysis?

A

Often difficult to know
Sharing with experts
Coherence, persuasiveness, integrity of analysis
Moved from description to interpretation, theory building

30
Q

What are some practical issues of analysis?

A

If you feel lost when analysing probably mean you’re doing it right
Use loving document as memo to self to keep track of your thinking
Talk to other people

31
Q

What are strengths of qualitative research?

A

Can provide rich, contextualised understanding of human behaviour
Useful for studying social phenomena in depth and detail
Can address complex issues or processes
Provides space for critical reflection on the researchers’ role/influence on research process

32
Q

More strengths of qualitative research:

A

Inductive exploration can generate new understanding/fresh insight, or refine and extend existing theory
Can be used to study contexts and process not amenable to experimental manipulation e.g. Policy and management changes, natural/cultural contexts

33
Q

What are potential limitations of qualitative research?

A

Cannot test hypotheses or make comparisons e.g. Group differences, relationships between variables
Can be criticised for lacking objectivity or reliability (but alternative criteria for quality)
Doesn’t generate causal explanations for behaviour

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