Intervention artic/phono 3 Flashcards
What is phase 1 of the 4 phase intervention approach?
Phase 1: Familiarisation and production of contrasts
Familiarise child with rule – e.g. long vs short
Familiarise child with vocabulary/pictures to be used
Ask child to firstly imitate and then produce target contrasts
Lasts 1-2 sessions only
What are the intervention principles for all four therapies?
Provide opportunities for child to discover ‘rule’ being focused on Provide frequent salient contrastive sounds with physical prompts where possible (e.g. long/short)
Use contrastive words in functional, meaningful play activities Give child feedback on meaning of contrasts
Use about 5 contrastive sets per session
Ensure that words are meaningful to child Keep contrastive sets together – don’t separate words e.g. “tea/key” said consecutively
Provide communicative feedback to child about success of their production
Aim for about 60-100 productions per session (30 mins)
What is phase 2 of the 4 phase intervention approach?
Phase 2: Contrast and interactive play
Imitation of minimal pairs in activities – until 70% accuracy Spontaneous – in activities until 90% accuracy
Focussed production first, then in play
What is phase 3 of the 4 phase intervention program?
Phase 3 - Contrasts within Communicative Contexts Productions start to be used in more game/play based activities (e.g. Go Fish)
contrasts do not need to stay paired here
Child needs to reach 90% accuracy with target words before moving on
What is phase 4 of the 4 phase intervention approach?
Phase 4 – Conversational Recasts
More naturalistic training – within play and functional activities Designed to put child in situation of being encouraged to make conversational repairs
When child makes errors, say word immediately to child with correct target sounds
Phases 2 and 3 are the focus of these therapies - Phase 4 may not be required
What is minimal pair contrast therapy?
Cognitive-linguistic’ approach
Aims to increase child’s awareness of semantic difference between their erroneous production and the adult model Contrast between words in a pair is minimal i.e., phonemes differ by only one feature e.g. ,pat-bat; pour-four; tea-key
When is minimal pair contrast therapy appropriate?
Appropriate when two or more sounds are collapses into one sound creating homonymy.
Most common type of contrasts are substituted or deleted sound with target sound.
Training designed to establish sounds contrasts that mark a difference in meaning.
What is important in choosing minimal pairs?
Within vocabulary of child
Able to be pictured
Not used in assessment procedure
Not likely to be called something different
Should not include phonemes which could ‘confuse’ child (e.g., tick/kick where final /k/ might confuse child into assimilating
Who would benefit most from minimal pair therapy?
Children with mild-moderate phonological difficulty of ages 3-6 years with no organic or hearing difficulties
NOT clients who display many sound distortions and/or many omissions
Children who are consistent in their use of speech sounds and in their errors
Clients who are stimulable for target sounds
What is multiple oppositions therapy?
Variation of minimal contrast approach
Based on assumption that learning is facilitated by size and nature of ‘chunks’ of linguistic information presented to child
Multiple errors, where 1 sound is used in place of 2 or more others, are best treated with a systemic approach (consideration of the function of sounds, not characteristics) - ie. many sounds replaced by one sound.
Simultaneously contrast several target sounds with a comparison sound.
Targets elimination of homonymy.
Promotes generalisation
Targets both systemic and structural process errors
Which client group would benefit most from multiple oppositions therapy?
Clients with moderate to severe to profound phonological disorders
Children of 3-6 years with no organic or hearing difficulties Children who have at least 6 sounds in error across 3 different manner classes
Useful for children who substitute one phoneme for several, very different phonemes
What is the foundation of complexity approaches?
3 factors important for facilitating change
1. The number of feature differences
2. The nature of feature differences
3. Known vs unknown targets (most vs least phonological knowledge)
The more complex each of these factors, the more significant change and generalisation will be
What therapy type is chosen for complexity approach?
Maximal oppositions therapy.
Proponents argue that increased feature difference between sounds increases opportunity for generalisation by allowing child to ‘fill in’ gaps in their phonological knowledge.
What are the three criteria for selecting an opposition sound in maximal oppositions therapy?
Three criteria in selection of comparison sound:
The comparison sound must be:
independent of child’s error.
eg. if child produces /t/ for /sh/, maximal opposition approach would select a sound other than /t/ to contrast with the target /sh/.
Comparison sound selected on basis of the following two criteria:
a sound produced correctly by child
maximally distinct from target sound
What are some limitations of maximal contrasts?
Often target sounds which are not typically part of child’s phonemic inventory
Research using maximal contrasts has not targeted consonant clusters
