Intervention

Question 1

Its choice of intervention is basted on

Answer 1

results of exam and eval

Question 2

Best available evidence is used to

Answer 2

determine efficacy or effectiveness of interventions

Question 3

Intervention

Answer 3

the reason people come to see PT

Question 4

Evidence on interventions should be based on

Answer 4

research validity (whether or not a study is designed well and provides results that are appropriate to apply to patient being seen)

Question 5

Higher research validity allows results to be

Answer 5

believable and reasonably free from bias

Question 6

Study design with highest research validity in intervention studies

Answer 6

RCTs

Question 7

Ideally a study will have

Answer 7

pre and post
control and tx
random group assignments 
(quasi - lack these)
(Non-experimental = case control)

Question 8

Intervention studies use what type of stats

Answer 8

descriptive: subject characteristics and baseline measures

Question 9

Effects of treatment are described by

Answer 9

tests of differences which compare groups using means, ranks, or frequencies

Question 10

ANCOVA adjusts for

Answer 10

covariates

Question 11

MANOVA look at

Answer 11

one or multiple outcomes

Question 12

Effects of tx tests only relay information on

Answer 12

Difference - NOT size of effect

Question 13

Effect size =

Answer 13

magnitude of differences btw two group means

Question 14

Standardized effect size

Answer 14

compare the magnitude of impact from the same intervention across different outcome measures
Used in power calculations

Question 15

Absolute risk reduction

Answer 15

control group event rate minus the experimental group event rate
The absolute value of the difference in rates of adverse outcomes btw the intervention group and the control group expressed as a percentage
ARR of 0 = no diff so treatment had no effect

Question 16

Relative risk reduction

Answer 16

Control group event rate minus the experimental group event rate divided by the control group event rate
The absolute value of the rate of decrease in adverse outcomes for the intervention group relative to the control group expressed as a percentage
RR of 1 means that there is no difference so tx had no effect
RR > 1 = tx inc risk of outcome
RR

Question 17

How is statistical importance determined

Answer 17

p value

CI

Question 18

Evidence should have

Answer 18

validity and statistical importance

Question 19

What will help determine if a patient has potential to benefit from an intervention (greater than risk of harm)

Answer 19

Clinical judgement and patient values

Minimally clinically important difference and number needed to treat assist in making these decisions

Question 20

Minimally clinically important difference is the

Answer 20

smallest treatment effect that would result in change in patient management - part of power calculations

Question 21

Number needed to treat is the

Answer 21

estimate of the number of subjects that must receive an intervention in order of one subject to increase benefit or reduce risk
Monograms are used to determine NNT

Question 22

Use of evidence on interventions must take what into account?

Answer 22

Potential risk of injury or pain
If benefit will outweigh the risks
Cost including financial, resources, time
Patient confidence in providers
Belief in value of scientific evidence

Question 23

Was the assignment of patients to treatments randomized

What is the best?

Answer 23

methods

Centralized computer randomization is the best

Question 24

Were the groups similar at the start of the trial

Answer 24

results

Question 25

Aside from allocated treatment, were groups treated equally

Answer 25

methods

Question 26

Were all the patients who entered the trial accounted for

Answer 26

results

Losses should be minimal - preferably less than 20%

Question 27

Were measures objective/were patients and clinicians kept blind to which treatment was being received

Answer 27

methods