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Anatomy Exam 2 > Interval 7: Axilla, Arm, Thigh > Flashcards

Interval 7: Axilla, Arm, Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Main (general) functions of the pectoral girdle

A

-connect upper limb to axial skeleton

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2
Q

5 muscles clavicle provides attachment for

A 
Pectoralis major
Deltoid
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Subclavius
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3
Q

________ is the first bone in the body to ossify.

A
  • Clavicle

- Has both intramembranous and endochondral modes of ossification

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4
Q

T/F: Clavicle is a long bone so it therefore has a medullary cavity

A

-False; it is a long bone but it lacks a medullary cavity

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5
Q

The clavicle is the most frequently broken bone in the body. In particular, which part of the bone is the weakest?

A
  • Junction of its medial 2/3s and lateral 1/3

- also the point where medial and lateral curvatures meet

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6
Q

Why is “separation of the shoulder” following tearing of the acromioclavicular and/or coracoclavicular ligaments a misnomer?

A

-It is the acromio-clavicular joint which is separated and not the shoulder joint

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7
Q

4 muscles that connect the upper limb to the anterior and lateral thoracic wall

A
  1. Pectoralis major
  2. Pectoralis minor
  3. Serratus anterior
  4. Deltoid
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8
Q

Functions of Pectoralis Major

A

-Major flexor, adductor, and medial rotator of the arm

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9
Q

Functions of pectoralis minor

A

-protracts, depresses, and stabilized the scapula against thoracic wall

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10
Q

Serratus anterior functions

A
  • protracts and rotates scapula

- stabilizes medial border of scapula against the thoracic wall

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11
Q

Innervation of serratus anterior

A

-long thoracic nerve

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12
Q

-Deltoid functions

A

-can flex, extend, or abduct the arm depending which fibers activates

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13
Q

Innervation of anterior compartment of arm vs posterior compartment

A
  • Anterior: musculocutaneous nerve

- Posterior: radial nerve

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14
Q

3 muscles of arm anterior compartment and 1 muscle of posterior compartment of arm

A

-Anterior: Biceps branchii. Brachialis, Coracobrachialis

Posterior: Triceps Brachii

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15
Q

Biceps brachii function

A
  • flexion of arm

- flexion and suppination of forearm at elbow joint

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16
Q

Brachialis function

A

-flexion of forearm at elbow

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17
Q

Coracobrachialis function

A

-flexion of the arm

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18
Q

Triceps brachii function

A

-major extensor of the arm and forearm

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19
Q

Upper limb is innervated by the brachial plexus, which is formed by an intermingling of ventral rami from the ________ spinal nerves

A

-C5-T1

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20
Q

Erb-Duchenne Syndrome results from a lesion of what?

A

-C5 and C6 ventral rami of the superior trunk of the plexus

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21
Q

What musculature is usually affected in Erb-Duchenne Syndrome?

A
  • proximial musculature in the upper limb

- muscles acting at the shoulder and elbow

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22
Q

What infamous position will the upper limb reside in in Erb-Duchenne Syndrome?

A
  • “waiter’s tip position”
  • results from a loss of abduction and a weakness of flexion and lateral rotation at glenohumeral joint
  • the arm is adducted, extended, and medially rotated
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23
Q

T/F: Rhomboid muscles, levator scapulae muscle, and the serratus anterior muscle are affected in Erb-Duchenne Syndrome.

A

False; they are unaffected because the nerves that supply these muscles arise from ventral rami proximal to the lesion

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24
Q

Klumpke’s Paralysis results from?

A

-Compression of the C8 and T1 VR in the inferior trunk of the plexus

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25
Q

Patients with Klumpke’s Paralysis experience weakness of what muscles which results in what clinical manifestations?

A
  • Intrinsic hand muscles innervated by C8 or T1 fibers in the median and ulnar nerves
  • results in combination of an ape hand and a claw hand
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26
Q

Patients with Klumpke’s Paralysis may have difficulty performing what task?

A

-Making a fist

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27
Q

What pathologies may cause Klumpke’s Paralysis?

A
  • cervical rib or Pancoast tumor

- may be in conjunction with other symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome

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28
Q

List the 10 collateral nerves arising from the roots, trunks, and cords of the plexus

A
  1. suprascapular nerve C5,6
  2. lateral pectoral nerve C5,6,7
  3. medial pectoral nerve C8,T1
  4. medial brachial cutaneous nerve C8,T1
  5. medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve C8,T1
  6. upper subscapular nerve C5,6
  7. thoracodorsal nerve C6,7,8
  8. lower subscapular nerve C5,6
  9. dorsal scapular nerve C5
  10. long thoracic nerve C5,6,7
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29
Q

Suprascapular nerve

A

C5,6

supplies supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

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30
Q

lateral pectoral nerve

A
  • C5,6,7

- supplies pectoralis major at mainly its clavicular head

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31
Q

medial pectoral nerve

A
  • C8,T1

- supplies pectoralis minor then passes through it to innervate the pectoralis major

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32
Q

Medial brachial cutaneous nerve

A

C8,T1

supplies skin on medial aspect of arm

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33
Q

Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

A

C8,T1

supplies skin on medial aspect of forearm

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34
Q

upper subscapular nerve

A
  • C5,6

- supplies upper part of subscapularis muscle

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35
Q

thoracodorsal nerve (middle subscapular nerve)

A
  • C6,7,8

- supplies latissimus dorsi

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36
Q

lower subscapular nerve

A
  • C5,6

- supplies lower part of subscapularis muscle and teres major muscle

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37
Q

dorsal scapular nerve

A
  • C5

- supplies levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor

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38
Q

long thoracic nerve

A
  • C5,6,7

- supplies serratus anterior muscle

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39
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve

A
  • C5,6, and 7?
  • supplies coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles
  • continues as lateral antebrachial cutaneous to supply skin of lateral aspect of forearm
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40
Q

Median nerve

A
  • C6,7,8,T1
  • supplies superficial muscles in anterior forearm, including flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, and pronator teres
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41
Q

Medial nerve supplies all muscles in anterior forearm except…

A
  • brachioradial (radial nerve)

- flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar nerve)

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42
Q

Ulnar nerve

A
  • C8, T1

- innervates flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

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43
Q

Axillary nerve

A
  • C5,6

- innervates deltoid and teres minor and skin covering deltoid

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44
Q

Radial nerve

A
  • C5,6,7,8,(T1)

- innervates 3 heads of triceps brachii, brachioradialis, and extensor carpi radialis longus and skin of posterior arm

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45
Q

Borders of axilla

A
  • Medial: rib cage and serratus anterior
  • Anterior: pectoralis major and minor
  • Posterior: scapula and subscapularis, latissimus dorsi and teres major
  • Lateral: arm
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46
Q

What forms the anterior and posterior axillary fold?

A
  • Anterior: lateral portion of pectoralis major

- Posterior: latissimus dorsi and teres major

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47
Q

The thyrocervical trunk of subclavian artery gives rise to what 2 arteries before continuing on to form the axillary artery?

A
  • Suprascapular artery

- Transverse cervical artery

48
Q

Suprascapular artery supplies..

A

-supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

49
Q

Transverse cervical artery supplies…

A
  • its superficial branch supplies the trapezius

- deep branch (dorsal scapular artery) supplies rhomboids and levator scapulae

50
Q

The axillary artery is divided into 3 parts by the _______.

A

-pectoralis minor

51
Q

Superior thoracic artery

A
  • first branch from axillary artery

- supplies first 2 intercostal spaces and serratus anterior

52
Q

Thoracoacromial artery

A

-supplies anterior wall of axilla, including pectoralis major and minor, deltoid, clavicle, and acromioclavicular joint

53
Q

Lateral thoracic artery

A
  • supplies serratus anterior, pectoral muscles, and breast

- courses with long thoracic nerve

54
Q

Subscapular artery

A
  • largest branch of axillary artery
  • gives rise to circumflex scapular artery which supplies teres minor, major, and infraspinatus muscle
  • gives rise to thoracodorsal artery which supplies latissimus dorsi
55
Q

Posterior circumflex humeral artery

A
  • arises adjacent to subscapular artery

- supplies deltoid, teres major and minor, and long head of triceps

56
Q

Anterior circumflex humeral artery

A
  • smaller than posterior

- supplies muscles in anterior arm

57
Q

Brachial artery continues from the axillary at lower border of ____________.

A
  • Teres major

- supplies anterior and posterior aspects of the arm

58
Q

Profunda brachial artery

A

-supplies triceps brachii muscle and contributes to collateral circulation at elbow

59
Q

What arises from brachial artery in cubital fossa to supply forearm and hand?

A

-radial and ulnar arteries

60
Q

Superficial veins draining hand/arm

A

-cephalic vein and basilic vein

61
Q

Where does the cephalic vein arise from and drain into?

A
  • arise from lateral aspect of venous network

- drains into axillary vein

62
Q

Where does the basilic vein arise from and drain into?

A
  • arise from medial aspect of venous network

- joins with the brachial vein to form the axillary vein

63
Q

3 pairs of antagonistic muscles of pelvis and thigh

A
  1. iliopsoas and gluteus maximus
  2. posterior femoral group- hamstrings vs. quadriceps femoris
  3. deep gluteal muscles vs. medial femoral group
64
Q

All muscles of anterior thigh are innervated by the ________ nerve except for what muscle?

A
  • Femoral nerve

- Psoas major

65
Q

4 parts of quadriceps femoris

A
  1. rectus femoris
  2. vastus lateralis
  3. vastus medialis
  4. vastus intermedius
66
Q

Roles of rectus femoris vs. vastus muscles of quadriceps

A

-RF: is only part to cross both hip and knee joint, so it flexes thigh at hip joint and extends leg at knee joint

V: only cross knee joint, so extend leg at knee

67
Q

Psoas major muscle

A
  • flexes thigh

- innervated by anterior rami of L1 and L2

68
Q

Iliacus

A

-flexes thigh in conjunction with psoas major

69
Q

Sartorius

A
  • crosses both hip and knee joints
  • flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
  • flexes leg at knee joint
70
Q

Pectineus

A
  • adducts and flexes at thigh

- assists with medial rotation of thigh

71
Q

5 muscles of anterior thigh

A
  • quadriceps femoris
  • psoas major
  • iliacus
  • sartorius
  • pectineus
72
Q

Borders of femoral triangle

A
  • superior: inguinal ligament
  • medial: adductor longus
  • lateral: sartorius
73
Q

Contents from lateral to medial of femoral triangle

A
  • femoral neve
  • femoral artery
  • femoral vein
  • deep inguinal lymph nodes
74
Q

Adductor canal extends from…

A
  • aka subsartorial canal

- extends from apex of the femoral triangle to adductor hiatus in tendon of adductor magnus

75
Q

Purpose of adductor canal

A

-providers intermuscular passage for femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve, and nerve to vastus medialis

76
Q

The adductor canal is bounded anteriorly and laterally by _________ and posteriorly by ________ and medially by __________.

A
  • AL: vastus medialis
  • P: adductus longus and adductus magnus
  • M: sartorius
77
Q

Superiorly to the adductor canal, the great saphenous vein pierces the deep fascia of the thigh at an opening in the fascia lata called ________.

A
  • Saphenous opening

- enters this opening to join the deep venous system of the lower limb at femoral vein

78
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body?

A

-Sartorius

79
Q

Proximally in the thigh, the femoral artery gives off what branches?

A
  • medial and lateral circumflex arteries

- deep femoral (profunda femoris) arteries

80
Q

With one exception (name it), the medial thigh muscles are innervated by what nerve?

A
  • hamstring portion of adductor magnus

- Obturator nerve

81
Q

Muscles of the medial thigh (5 of them)

A
  1. adductor longus
  2. adductor brevis
  3. adductor magnus
  4. Gracilis
  5. Obturator externus
82
Q

Adductor longus

A

-adducts thigh

83
Q

Adductor brevis

A

-adducts thigh and slightly flexes thigh

84
Q

Adductor magnus

A
  • Adductor part: adducts and flexes thigh (obturator n)

- Hamstring portion: extends thigh (tibial part of sciatic n)

85
Q

Gracilis

A

-adducts thigh, flexes leg, helps rotate leg medially

86
Q

Obturator externus

A
  • laterally rotates thigh

- steadies head of femur in acetabulum

87
Q

Immediately below and contihuous to pectineus is the ________.

A

-adductor longus

88
Q

What is the most medial thigh muscle?

A

-Gracilis

89
Q

What artery supplies medial and posterior thigh?

A

-Profunda femoral artery gives rise to 4 perforating arteries which supply medial thigh and pass through adductor magnus to supply the muscles in posterior thigh

90
Q

Cruciate Anastomosis contributions

A
  • inferior gluteal artery
  • medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
  • first perforating artery
91
Q

Cruciate Anastomosis is important for collateral circulation if which artery becomes occluded?

A

-Femoral artery

92
Q

Popliteal gives rise to 5 genicular arteries which supply ______________.

A

-Knee joint

93
Q

Collateral circulation contributors of the knee

A
  • 5 genicular branches of popliteal artery
  • descending genicular branch of femoral artery
  • descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery
  • anterior recurrent branch of anterior tibial artery
94
Q

Where does the obturator artery arise and where does it supply?

A
  • usually arises from internal iliac artery and passes through obturator foramen into medial compartment of the thigh
  • supplies obturator externus, pectineus, adductors of thigh, and gracilis
95
Q

Superficial system of veins of lower limb

A

. great saphenous

-small saphenous

96
Q

Great saphenous vein drains into the _______ after passing through the saphenous hiatus, a fault in the fascia lata

A

-femoral vein

97
Q

Small saphenous vein drains into the _____________.

A

-popliteal vein

98
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve pierces what muscle?

A

-coracobrachialis

99
Q

Cutaneous innervation of the median nerve

A

-lateral 3.5 digits and their corresponding finger tips

100
Q

Ulnar nerve cutaneous innervation

A

-medial 1.5 digits and the dorsal side of those digits

101
Q

Femoral nerve spinal segments

A

-L2,3,4

102
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve spinal cord segments

A

-L2,3

103
Q

Spinal cord segments making up obturator nerve

A

-L2,3,4

104
Q

Where does the saphenous nerve arise from and what types of fibers does it contain?

A
  • from femoral nerve

- cutaneous only

105
Q

Spinal segments making up Superior gluteal nerve

A

-L4, L5, S1

106
Q

Spinal segments making up inferior gluteal nerve

A

-L5, S1, S2

107
Q

Spinal segments making up posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A

S1,S2,S3

108
Q

Spinal segments making up sciatic nerve

A

-L4-S3

109
Q

Spinal segments making up common fibular nerve

A

-L4, L5, S1, S2

110
Q

Spinal segments making up tibial nerve

A

-L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

111
Q

spinal segments making up nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus

A

-L5, S1, S2

112
Q

spinal segments making up nerve to quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior

A

-L4, L5, S1

113
Q

Where do lumbosacral nerves exit?

A

-through the greater foramen

114
Q

Which nerve is medially and laterally located within the sciatic nerve?

A
  • lateral: common fibular n

- medial: tibial nerve

115
Q

What bones move in pronation/supination?

A
  • only the radius
116
Q

What muscles are innervated by the anterior interosseous n and what nerve is this a branch of?

A
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • flexor digitorum profundas (lateral 1/2)
  • pronator quadratus
  • *deep muscles of anterior forearm
  • branch of median nerve
117
Q

What is the deep branch of the radial nerve called?

A

-posterior interosseous nerve

Anatomy Exam 2 (9 decks)

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