Interstitial lung disease Flashcards
What is the meaning of obstruction?
Reduction in flow (narrowed airways) eg COPD
What is the meaning of restriction?
Reduction in volume (lower capacity) eg ILD
What are extra pulmonary lung conditions?
Outside the lungs (obesity- fat on chest wall and abdomen, scoliosis- lung on one side compressed, ascites- fluid in abdomen)
What are neuromuscular lung conditions?
-Myasthenia gravis (muscles aèrent getting the right signals to contract properly)
-motor neurone disease (no nerve signal to muscles)
-diaphragmatic paralysis (unknown causes)
What are lung parenchyma lung conditions?
ILD, to do with lung tissue
What are some diseases classed as ILD?
Drug induced lung disease, sarcoidosis, connective tissue disorder, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis)
What are some features of ILD?
-scarring of pulmonary interstitium (lung tissue)
-inflammation
-alveolar airspaces and distal airways affected
What are the 4 main categories of ILD?
-idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis
-ILD due to specific causes
-granulomatous ILD
-rare causes
2 branches of idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis?
-usual interstitial pneumonitis (also known as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis- IPF)
-non usual (several subgroups)
Radiographic findings in IPF?
-lace like areas
-concentrated posteriorly at base of lungs
-ground glass opacification
-honeycombing
Cause of IPF?
no known cause but increasing evidence that high exposure to metals is a risk factor
Pathological findings in IPF?
-patchy, dense fibrosis
-very little inflammation
-areas of interspersed normal lung
-mixed picture of normal lung and affected areas
Treatment for IPF?
-no response to steroids
-smoking cessation doesnt change course of disease
-course marked by periods of rapid clinical deterioration
-5 year survival rate
-2.5-3.5 survival
-higher prevalence in men
why distinguish between IPF and non usual?
-IPF has poor prognosis, little effective therapy
-non-usual may respond to therapy
-smoknig cessation can help non- usual
What is video- assisted thoracoscopy (VATS)?
-keyhole surgery to obtain lung biopsy samples
-small incisions in chest close to ribs and thorascope inserted to view lungs
What is VATS used for?
-taking biopsies from lung
-removing lymph nodes
-removing lumps or growths from the lung
-treat conditions such as fluid accumulating in lining of lung (pleural effusion).
