Intersectionality Flashcards
What relationship does aristotle claim as fundamental to society? What are the two examples he provides? (Pol 1.2)
natural rulers + naturally ruled.
woman and man; master and slave
Who did Aristotle almost subconsciously assert as the naturally superior person in greek society?
adult, free, greek citizen man
When were Pericles’ Athenian marriage reforms? What did they enforce?
451/0. Marriage shoudl be between a man and a woman of free citizen status
What is unusual about the types of marriage legal in Gotyn? What appears to have been the reality comp to the legislation of the ‘Great Code’?
couples of different social statuses could legitimately marry.
slave-citizen marriages likely did not happen on a common basis though citizen women-slave man appear to have been more likely
In Augustus’ marriage reforms, what was his social order related aims?
preserve, maintain, and strengthen the roman elites
What were classed as illegitimate unions under Augustan legislation? (2)
marriage betw those of v different statuses
marriage betw citizens and those of undesirable nature (prostitutes, adulters, or actors)
What was a legal means of stopping the approval of ‘illegitimate’ marriages?
penalising parents/patrons of those involved in a possible union
What was a financial limitation put on ‘illegitimate’ married couples?
they were not allowed to bequeath inheritance to one another
Who could freedwomen marry in roman law? and who couldn’t they?
roman citizens
senators
In what year did restrictions on legitimate/illegitimate roman marriages become defunct? Why?
212 CE
All inhabitants of empire were granted citizen status
What was a concubine? What was there gender and status?
An unofficial wife who lacked rights and privileges and also the expectation of children.
female, lower than the man’s
What was the most common instance of concubinage?
patron and freedwoman
Why was the arrangement of the concubinage dangerous?
either, but especially the man who also had more to lose, could be accused of stuprum and punished under Augustan law
What education was expected for those brought up in slavery? (girls; boys)
very little
some but unknown as to what kind of content was taught
What was the roman term for slave children kept like slave pets/play things?
deliciae
On what basis could a slave be more expensive (in 5th cent Athens)? (2)
youth
sexual attractiveness
What evidence suggests children of freedmen experienced similar educational practice as elite children?
tomb imagery - shows late children of freedmen in school setting
In what situations would free women and slave women interact in most?
doing domestic maintenance and labour
In what situations would free men and slave men interact in the world of work? (2) In what situations would they certainly not interact when working? (2)
Construction or agriculture.
Politics, or civic and judicial duties.
What influenced the labours a greek or roman individual’s occupation the most: gender or political status?
gender
Why were free women more infrequently shown working in the funerary images of Roman Italy?
to avoid the indication that they HAD to work
In sepulchral epigraphical data of roman italy, what was the most common occupation for a woman? what kind of women most commonly took on this job?
nutrix - nurse, nanny
low status (eg. freedwomen) or slave women FOR elite families
What was an occupation generally degraded by elite men for the low status and gender of the workers? Evidence? (3)
tabernaria (barmaid or similar taberna centred work)
graffiti in Pompeii suggests men around them saw them in a highly sexualised manner, legal texts were highly derisive, and a married man copulating with one did not count as adultery
What was the most common occupation for women in classical Athens?
wool-worker (sometimes an innuendo for sex worker)
What athenian belief means that most women appearing to have worked in classical athens were likely of lower classes/in poverty?
women should not work unless they have to for example in cases of househofl depravity
What kind of woman was accepted as a prostitute in class athens?
slave woman or metic/non-citizen
What were the two main concerns greeks and romans had for the choice of clothing?
moral values echoed
social status seemingly suggested
How were elite women dressed and then used by their male counterparts?
dressed to a similar suggested status and lavishness as the men to be used as a kind of social accessory
What is a way in which elite classical athenian women differed in their dress to the men?
often could be accepted as wearing more jewellery and clothing that showed of their wealth, whilst their male peers would have been subject to far greater derision for the same thing
On what basis was roman dress regulated?
gender, status, condition, age, and rank
At who was extravagance in dress limitations generally aimed in roman rehtoric?
elite women
What are two indicators from the G and R worlds (respectively) that women’s dress reflected a family’s/their male kin’s status?
women were given clothing as part of their dowry
gifts from male relatives to their women, like elaborate clothing or jewellery, were common among elites
What types of men more frequently attended the gymnasia of classical athens/greece and the baths of roman italy?
high status men
