Intersectionality

Question 1

What relationship does aristotle claim as fundamental to society? What are the two examples he provides? (Pol 1.2)

Answer 1

natural rulers + naturally ruled.
woman and man; master and slave

Question 2

Who did Aristotle almost subconsciously assert as the naturally superior person in greek society?

Answer 2

adult, free, greek citizen man

Question 3

When were Pericles’ Athenian marriage reforms? What did they enforce?

Answer 3

451/0. Marriage shoudl be between a man and a woman of free citizen status

Question 4

What is unusual about the types of marriage legal in Gotyn? What appears to have been the reality comp to the legislation of the ‘Great Code’?

Answer 4

couples of different social statuses could legitimately marry.
slave-citizen marriages likely did not happen on a common basis though citizen women-slave man appear to have been more likely

Question 5

In Augustus’ marriage reforms, what was his social order related aims?

Answer 5

preserve, maintain, and strengthen the roman elites

Question 6

What were classed as illegitimate unions under Augustan legislation? (2)

Answer 6

marriage betw those of v different statuses
marriage betw citizens and those of undesirable nature (prostitutes, adulters, or actors)

Question 7

What was a legal means of stopping the approval of ‘illegitimate’ marriages?

Answer 7

penalising parents/patrons of those involved in a possible union

Question 7

What was a financial limitation put on ‘illegitimate’ married couples?

Answer 7

they were not allowed to bequeath inheritance to one another

Question 8

Who could freedwomen marry in roman law? and who couldn’t they?

Answer 8

roman citizens
senators

Question 9

In what year did restrictions on legitimate/illegitimate roman marriages become defunct? Why?

Answer 9

212 CE
All inhabitants of empire were granted citizen status

Question 10

What was a concubine? What was there gender and status?

Answer 10

An unofficial wife who lacked rights and privileges and also the expectation of children.
female, lower than the man’s

Question 11

What was the most common instance of concubinage?

Answer 11

patron and freedwoman

Question 12

Why was the arrangement of the concubinage dangerous?

Answer 12

either, but especially the man who also had more to lose, could be accused of stuprum and punished under Augustan law

Question 13

What education was expected for those brought up in slavery? (girls; boys)

Answer 13

very little
some but unknown as to what kind of content was taught

Question 14

What was the roman term for slave children kept like slave pets/play things?

Answer 14

deliciae

Question 15

On what basis could a slave be more expensive (in 5th cent Athens)? (2)

Answer 15

youth
sexual attractiveness

Question 16

What evidence suggests children of freedmen experienced similar educational practice as elite children?

Answer 16

tomb imagery - shows late children of freedmen in school setting

Question 17

In what situations would free women and slave women interact in most?

Answer 17

doing domestic maintenance and labour

Question 18

In what situations would free men and slave men interact in the world of work? (2) In what situations would they certainly not interact when working? (2)

Answer 18

Construction or agriculture.
Politics, or civic and judicial duties.

Question 19

What influenced the labours a greek or roman individual’s occupation the most: gender or political status?

Answer 19

gender

Question 20

Why were free women more infrequently shown working in the funerary images of Roman Italy?

Answer 20

to avoid the indication that they HAD to work

Question 21

In sepulchral epigraphical data of roman italy, what was the most common occupation for a woman? what kind of women most commonly took on this job?

Answer 21

nutrix - nurse, nanny
low status (eg. freedwomen) or slave women FOR elite families

Question 22

What was an occupation generally degraded by elite men for the low status and gender of the workers? Evidence? (3)

Answer 22

tabernaria (barmaid or similar taberna centred work)
graffiti in Pompeii suggests men around them saw them in a highly sexualised manner, legal texts were highly derisive, and a married man copulating with one did not count as adultery

Question 23

What was the most common occupation for women in classical Athens?

Answer 23

wool-worker (sometimes an innuendo for sex worker)

Question 24

What athenian belief means that most women appearing to have worked in classical athens were likely of lower classes/in poverty?

Answer 24

women should not work unless they have to for example in cases of househofl depravity

Question 25

What kind of woman was accepted as a prostitute in class athens?

Answer 25

slave woman or metic/non-citizen

Question 26

What were the two main concerns greeks and romans had for the choice of clothing?

Answer 26

moral values echoed
social status seemingly suggested

Question 27

How were elite women dressed and then used by their male counterparts?

Answer 27

dressed to a similar suggested status and lavishness as the men to be used as a kind of social accessory

Question 28

What is a way in which elite classical athenian women differed in their dress to the men?

Answer 28

often could be accepted as wearing more jewellery and clothing that showed of their wealth, whilst their male peers would have been subject to far greater derision for the same thing

Question 29

On what basis was roman dress regulated?

Answer 29

gender, status, condition, age, and rank

Question 30

At who was extravagance in dress limitations generally aimed in roman rehtoric?

Answer 30

elite women

Question 31

What are two indicators from the G and R worlds (respectively) that women’s dress reflected a family’s/their male kin’s status?

Answer 31

women were given clothing as part of their dowry
gifts from male relatives to their women, like elaborate clothing or jewellery, were common among elites

Question 32

What types of men more frequently attended the gymnasia of classical athens/greece and the baths of roman italy?

Answer 32

high status men