Interrelationship of Organelles

Question 1

Division of labour definition

Answer 1

Assigning different roles to organelles to carry out a specific function

Question 2

Gastrin is a peptide hormone which is made in

Answer 2

tissues of the stomach

Question 3

Gastrin causes the secretion of

Answer 3

Gastric acid

Question 4

Gastric acid is composed of

Answer 4

HCL, NaCl, KCl

Question 5

Role of gastric acid is to

Answer 5

Make ingested proteins unravel so that digestive enzymes can be activated and hydrolysed.

Question 6

Nucleolus role in PS

Answer 6

Where ribosomes are made

Question 7

Nucleus role in PS

Answer 7

Where transcription takes place

Question 8

Nuclear pore role in PS

Answer 8

mRNA leaves through it

Question 9

RER role in PS

Answer 9

mRNA attaches to ribosomes on the RER

Question 10

Ribosomes role in PS

Answer 10

Reads mRNA and translates them into a polypeptide chain

Question 11

Mitochondria role in PS

Answer 11

Provides energy for assimilation, anabolic reactions, active transport of proteins

Question 12

Golgi apparatus role in PS

Answer 12

Assembles polypeptides into proteins

Question 13

Secretory vesicle role in PS

Answer 13

Moves protein to cell surface membrane

Question 14

Proteins that leave the cell may become

Answer 14

Antibodies

Question 15

Name the three types of cytoskeletal filaments

Answer 15

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

Question 16

Microfilaments:

Answer 16

Made from actin, thinnest

Question 17

Intermediate filaments:

Answer 17

10nm in diameter, more stable than microfilaments, made from keratin

Question 18

Microtubules:

Answer 18

23nm in diameter, made from tubulin, hollow cylinders

Question 19

Cytoskeleton purpose:

Answer 19

Maintain cell’s structure and important role in intracellular transport and mitosis

Question 20

Motor proteins provide the driving force to move organelles along

Answer 20

Filaments

Question 21

What can motor proteins act as?

Answer 21

Molecular motors, crosslinkers, nucelation-promoting factors

Question 22

Give an example of a motor protein

Answer 22

Myosin, contraction of muscle fibres in animals

Question 23

How do motor proteins move?

Answer 23

By binding to a cytoskeletal filament

Question 24

What do motor proteins use to move?

Answer 24

Energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP

Question 25

Motor proteins cycle between being

Answer 25

Bound strongly and being unbound to the filament

Question 26

Process of motor protein movement:

Answer 26

Filament binding, conformational change, filament release, conformational relaxation, filament rebinding

Question 27

How far does a motor protein move each step?

Answer 27

A few nm.