Interregnum 1649-59 Flashcards
What lead to the creation of the Rump Parliament?
Prides Purge in December 1648
What did the rump abolish in February 1649?
The House of Lords and the monarchy.
What act was passed in January 1650 and what did it do?
The engagement act, all males had to declare an oath of loyalty to the commonwealth
Why,how and when did Oliver Cromwell dissolve parliament?
✏️It was too conservative
✏️With musketeers
✏️April 1653
What what did Cromwell enter between 1652-1654?
The first Anglo Dutch war.
Why was this a great tension between the Rump and the NMA?
The army saw the Dutch as a natural ally as they were Protestant and during the laudian reforms was a place of asylum for religious radicals.
Why had the Dutch lost their economic advantages in terms of the English?
The navigation act of 1651 which banned all vessels that weren’t English to import fish to England and its colonised lands.
What divides did Cromwell have to contend with?
Cromwell had to contend with increasingly Presbyterian Parliament and an army which had sympathies with sects. He hoped for religious settlement where godliness and toleration would be established without extremism. Maintained parishes and tithes so people could worship. Presbyterians closer aligned with royalists.
Where royalists a threat during Cromwell’s rule?
Royalists not threat initially as lacked leader without Charles II and lacked support in localities. In 1652 Sealed Knot formed by 6 aristocratic royalists who discouraged uprising as they knew it would fail. Decimation tax issued, 10% of income for those worth >£100 a year.
When did Richard Cromwell gain power? What challenges was he met with?
Sept 1658-April 1659 Richard Cromwell in power. Presbyterian opposition – they never got religious settlement. Charles Fleetwood and senior members felt his indifference could maintain army’s role, lower army members feared Cromwell’s sympathy for Presbyterians and sided with Sects, wanted return of Rump.
How did military criticise Richard Cromwell?
Rejected demands by Charles Fleetwood and John Desborough to give up commander-in-chief title, got civilian advisors George Monck, Edward Whalley, William Gough. Army owed £900,000 but Protectorate in £2.5 mil debt.
Rump May-Oct 1659 - what conflict did the Rump and army have? How was the state threatened?
May-Oct 1659, army wanted arrears covered and Rump refused, alongside not committing to reform. Rump needed army to preserve itself, army wanted Rump to hide military control. Local military’s power diluted through being placed under control of sects including Quakers. 1659 rise of Leveller pamphlets and conservatives talked of restoration, Presbyterian-royalist risings.
What were results of the dissolution of the Rump in Oct 1659?
Army set Committee of Safety in Oct 1659 to act as interim government and General George Monck condemned dissolution, negotiated with expelled members who proposed he bring army South and restore Rump for title of commander-in-chief. Lambert’s forces tried to ward him off but no match.
What did Monck do when he entered England?
Monck arrived and used force, restored order as long as Rump dissolved in May 1660. Returned those removed from Pride’s Purge and in Feb-March 1660 balanced shifted against Republicans.
What happened when Rump was opened in December?
Dec 1659 new Rump opened and Desborough, Lambert, and Fleetwood dismissed, Monck arrived in Jan 1660 and became commander-in-chief and Rump removed half of officers in purge causing opposition from merchants etc who refused to pay tax.
