civil war 2

Question 1

When was the Grand remonstrance

Answer 1

Passed on 22nd November 1641

Published on the 1st December

Question 2

What was the Grand Remonstrance

Answer 2

Pushed forward by John Pym whilst Charles was returning from Scotland

Listed all the faults of the king (religious at the top)

Publication - passed in the early hours of the morning to get rid of royalists + swords were drawn

Charles didn’t acknowledge the passing so it was published

Question 3

When was the execution of Strafford

Answer 3

12th May 1641

Question 4

What was the execution of Strafford

Answer 4

Watched by 100,000

Charles later described it as his biggest regret

The attempt to remove Strafford via the Lords looked to fail until the army plot

Marked the end of any possible compromise between king and crown

Question 5

What was the Irish rebellion

Answer 5

Thomas Wentworth’s recall to England left a power vacuum in Ireland

Catholic noblemen wanted concessions like in Scotland

Inspired by Scotland and fearful of the growing Puritan influence in politics

Number of protestants killed range from 2,000 to 200,000

Claimed to have acted in the kings’ name, was exploited by Pym and radicalised the long parliament

Raised the question on who could be trusted with the army

Question 6

When were the 19 Propositions

Answer 6

June 1642

Question 7

What were the 19 Propositions

Answer 7

This would remove the king’s prerogative

He couldn’t raise an army or choose his ministers

This would effectively create a constitutional monarchy but was more just a justification for war

Question 8

When was the failed arrest of the 5 members

Answer 8

3rd January 1642

Question 9

What was the failed arrest of the 5 members

Answer 9

Charles entered the House of Commons, much to the amusement of MP’s with armed soldiers at the door

Undermined parliamentary privilege and gave credibility to rumours of a catholic plot

Members had already escaped, the king returned humiliated with a destroyed image (untrustworthy)

‘I see the birds have already flown’

Question 10

When was the Army plot

Answer 10

3rd May 1641

Question 11

What was the Army plot

Answer 11

Made rumours that Charles was going to unite with the English army and free Strafford plausible

Loyal soldiers sent to the TOL to free Strafford

The plot was exposed giving Charles scrutiny

Pym was quick to exploit this as evidence that it was a popish plot destined to overthrow the kingdom

Question 12

When was Bedford’s bridging appointment scheme

Answer 12

February 1641

Question 13

What was Bedford’s bridging appointment scheme

Answer 13

Many leaders of the Puritan opposition had been promoted into the king’s government, making it harder to argue that the king was surrounded by evil advisors

The appointments were intended to be accompanied by a financial settlement were Bedford would be appointed to Chancellor of the Exchequer

Bedford’s death in May put an end to the likelihood of success to the scheme

Bedford had been a mentor to Pym

Question 14

When was the Root and Branch Bill

Answer 14

May 1641

Question 15

What was the Root and Branch Bill

Answer 15

A proposal to replace bishops with church councils in each diocese appointed by Parliament

This would dismantle the structure of the Church of England and alter the composition of the Huse of Lords

Politically it would reduce the king’s power because bishops ensured loyal supporters in the Lords as he appoints them

Question 16

When were the 10 Propositions

Answer 16

24th June 1641

Question 17

What were the 10 Propositions

Answer 17

A list of suggestions brought forward by Pym on how a settlement might be made with the king

The key terms would have dramatically reduced the king’s prerogative powers

Give Parliament control over his Charles’ children’s education and appointed his ministers

Reluctantly accepted but until the Grand Remonstrance, many MP’s didn’t realise the significance of Pym’s position

Parliament attempted to establish committees to deal with each point but the 10 propositions never really went anywhere - quitely accepted by Charles and then shelved

Their significance is in their radical nature, not the outcome

Question 18

when was the incident

Answer 18

1641

Question 19

What was the incident

Answer 19

• Royalist plot to kidnap Presbyterian noble leaders in Scotland who opposed church reform.
• Montrose plots against Hamilton and Argyll, found out via Leslie, and so went into hiding.
• Charles can’t be trusted with the velocity and strength of the conspiracy’s.

Question 20

when was the five member coup

Answer 20

1642

Question 21

What was the five member coup

Answer 21

Charles scared that Queen impeachment possible and so wanted leaders Pym, Hampden, Strode, Haselrige and Holles (and Lord Mandeville).

• 3rd January he enters commons with 300 troops to arrest the MP’s.
• The MP’s in question had escaped the commons with prior knowledge and so it was a huge failure for Charles.
• Commons outraged by breach and the mob forces Charles to flee London on the 10th for safety. The MP’s swing to Pym and it made war between both parties likely. Country was divided on the issue and distance made negotiating more difficult as well.
• Henrietta and Constitutional-Royalist (Digby etc.) support had given Charles false confidence, inconsistent behaviour from Pym against the monarch had driven him to the situation.

Question 22

when was The Militia Ordinance and the Commission of Array

Answer 22

1642

Question 23

What was the militia ordinance and the commission of array

Answer 23

• Parliament release the Militia ordinance (only King could do this) and the King refused that they should chose Lieutenants etc. Country was now in defence by authority. Instead they then realised the more legally dubious Commission of Array.
• Both sides tried to get militias to fight on their sides. The King found it more difficult to get county militias on board. Trying to rally support and strength.
• Parliament had stronger military position, even though most the Gentry were split or remained neutral.

Question 24

When was the nineteen propositions

Answer 24

1642

Question 25

What is the nineteen propositions

Answer 25

• Pym confident enough to propose propositions to the King, no room for compromise.
• Demanding that parliament should control the armed forces and agree to the militia ordinance, they should control church matters and appoint guardians for the Kings children.
• Divine Rightist King couldn’t accept the constitutional monarch status quo.

Question 26

When was the raising of the standard

Answer 26

1642

Question 27

What was the raising of the standard

Answer 27

Rejected the 19 propositions and as a response, parliament put the Earl of Essex in charge of 24,000 soldiers for public safety committee.

• Raised standard on the 22nd August at Nottingham, with a mere 800 supporters with him (a gesture?).
• Those who didn’t support parliament were considered ‘delinquents’ and so the Gentry swayed from neutral to picking sides; increasing the crowns army largely.

Question 28

What events are to Blame for the civil war

Answer 28

• Grand Remonstrance for creating two unbalanced sides.
• Five-member coup for radicalising parliament.
• 19 propositions for radicalising the king and
  creating no compromise.
• Raising of the standard and the declaration of war on parliament.

Question 29

Resources during the civil war- Tax base

Answer 29

King

• Newcastle, York and Oxford.
• Doesn’t have major port taxation.
• 5000 small towns on side.
• Largest town York had 10,000 in.

Parliament
Big base of 400,000 in London, alongside Norwich and Bristol. Easier to gain tax.
- People were comfortable with giving parliament tax to pay for war.
- 1643 excise tax and alcohol tax was effective.

Question 30

Resources during the civil war- The Navy and Militia

Answer 30

King
Couldn’t import troops or weapons from France.
- Difficulty gaining locally based forces.
- Gentry mainly supporting the King.
Parliament
Hull, Newcastle and Exeter ports.
- Difficulty gaining locally based forces.

Question 31

Resources during the civil war- Arms

Answer 31

King
Leather for shoes and coats and iron from Wales for weapons.
- Only Hull minor weaponry access.

Parliament

• Lots of lead (bullets), iron (weapons) and cloth for uniforms.
• Hull and London major stores of weapons.
• South East had dominant food supplies.

Question 32

Battles off the civil war

Answer 32

1642: Charles Raised his standard at Nottingham to start the war. Edgehill battle, Rupert’s Royalists defeated parliament but then poor tactics meant it was a confused draw. Incentivise MP Oliver Cromwell to train the Ironsides who had the ‘fear of god’ in them.

1643: Battle of Newbury failure due to lack of ammunitions, alongside the failed plan to attack London from three places, held up at Bristol and Hul
l.
1644:Parliament begin to win due to capturing naval and port control, alongside new taxes on food raising large sums of money. Scotland aid with 20,000 parliament troops. Cromwell’s ironsides were prepared and won a battle at Marston Moor, killing 3000.

1645: The New Model Army formed and won at Naseby. The King and his soldiers fled, losing his ammunitions and private papers.
1646: The king surrendered to Scotland in May, against Parliament.
1647: The King declares a second war on parliament after Scottish deal.
1648: Second Civil war ends in May as the King loses to parliaments strong forces.

Question 33

Why parliament won the civil war- Leadership

Answer 33

King

• Weak King leadership and little administration.
• Nephew Rupert failed to take advantage at Edgehill and didn’t like Digby.

Parliament
Original weakness in command, restructured in 1645.
- Divided into peace and war parties.
- Pym had skill to balance peace and war.
- Fairfax and Cromwell 1646 changes to the new Model Army and the cavalry (military revolution

Question 34

Why parliament won the civil war- Alliances

Answer 34

King
King can call on 30 years’ war professionals like Maurice.

Parliament
1643 Solemn league and covenant with Scotland, includes Presbyterian church changes

Question 35

Why parliament won the civil war- Military Organisation

Answer 35

King
Royalist troops no disciplined.
- Royalist commander rivalry.
- Failure to use militias who were untrained and unpaid.

Parliament
New Model Army mop up resistance in 1647.
- Earl of Newcastle strengthened army in York.
- Fairfax defeats Rupert’s 8,000 at Newcastle.
- Strong Puritan discipline in cavalry and paid professional NMA.
- Scottish parliament grant of 20,000 men and 22,000 from parliamentary forces.
- Naval control and port control for supplies.