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LI INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY > Interpersonal Relationships > Flashcards

Interpersonal Relationships Flashcards

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1
Q

what are attachment relationships?

A

a unique and secure base where separation can cause distress

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2
Q

what is the prototype of adult attachment?

A

long-term romantic relationships

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3
Q

what are attachment behavioural systems?

A

a universal neural program to facilitate survival and reproduction, which establishes security

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4
Q

deactivation strategies

A

minimise attachment signals

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5
Q

hyperactivation strategies

A

maximise attachment signals

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6
Q

what does attachment behaviour require?

A

working models of person-environment transactions, similar to social schemas to guide interpersonal behaviour and relationship projections

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7
Q

orthogonal dimensions of attachment

A

anxiety and avoidance

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8
Q

attachment-related anxiety

A

strong desire for closeness and worries about their own value to their partner

use hyperactive strategies to deal with insecurity and distress

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9
Q

attachment-related avoidance

A

discomfort with dependence on partners, and prefer emotional distance and self-reliance

use deactivating strategies to cope with insecurity and distress

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10
Q

attachment security

A

low scores on anxiety and avoidance dimensions

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11
Q

when do attachment-relevant experiences occur?

A

during infancy, childhood, and adolescence, to shape prototype working models of adult attachment patterns

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12
Q

what has recent evidence suggested?

A

genetic contributions towards attachment anxiety

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13
Q

socialisation

A

environment -> person

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14
Q

selection

A

person -> environment

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15
Q

prototype hypothesis

A

experiences in earlier relationships create internal working models and attachment styles which systematically affect attachment relationships

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16
Q

how is attachment security priming used to test causality hypotheses?

A

activates mental representations of relationships (guided imagery) to examine outcomes

activating supportive attachment can encourage behaviour in line with security

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17
Q

what can flirting and dating cause?

A

feelings of failure and rejection, which activate attachment (interpersonal processes of self-presentation and self-disclosure)

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18
Q

self-disclosure

A

the reciprocal exchange of self-relevant information, which can increase in depth and breadth

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19
Q

how are insecure-attachment orientations varied?

A

anxiety-attachment individuals engage in indiscriminate disclosure whereas avoidant-individuals use low disclosure

20
Q

what do mate preferences and the ideal standards model consider?

A

evolutionary theories of partner and relationship ideals

  1. warmth, commitment, and intimacy
  2. health, passion, and attractiveness
  3. status and resources

anxiety-attachment selected warmth
avoidant-attachment selected health and status

21
Q

evidence of complementary patterns

A

insecure-attached individuals are attracted to insecure people

22
Q

anxiety-attachment and formation of relationships

A

unpopular during speed dating, but present positively to potential dates

23
Q

avoidant-attachment and formation of relationships

A

expectations of failure and commitment-aversive, but present superficially positive to potential dates

24
Q

what does intimacy reflect?

A

emotional and behavioural orientations towards attachment figures, such as engaging in problem solving and disclosing private feelings

25
Q

anxiety-attachment and intimacy

A

desire intimacy but struggle to regulate closeness and intrusiveness

26
Q

insecure-attachment and intimacy

A

lower emotional intimacy than secure-attachments

27
Q

avoidance-attachment and intimacy

A

perceive their partners to be more intrusive

28
Q

what can insecure attachment interfere with?

A

commitment and relationship stability

29
Q

avoidance-attachment and commitment

A

attraction to alternative partners and lower investments

30
Q

anxiety-attachment and commitment

A

more investments and also ambivalence

31
Q

secure-attachment and commitment

A

adaptively reduce commitment as required

32
Q

transfer of attachment functions occurs faster for which attachment style?

A

anxiety-attachment over avoidance-attachment

33
Q

stages of attachment function transfer

A
  1. proximity seeking (peers)
  2. safe haven (peers, 8-14y)
  3. secure base (parents)
  4. separation distress (parents)
34
Q

what does maintenance of long-term relationships involve?

A

communication, conflict management, and expressing gratitude
- dyadic communication
- responding to transgressions

35
Q

what do insecure attachment orientations misperceive?

A

signals and emotions; empathetic inaccuracy

36
Q

empathetic inaccuracy

A

the inability to infer a partner’s thoughts and feelings correctly

avoidance- less accurate
anxiety- more accurate

37
Q

more frequent SNS use was linked to…

A

better relationship quality

38
Q

more frequent email use linked to…

A

greater conflict

39
Q

what are jealousy and surveillance predicted by?

A

anxiety (mediated by trust) and low avoidance

40
Q

what do insecure-attachments report?

A

lower daily satisfaction, moderated by duration

avoidance is more associated with men’s dissatisfaction

41
Q

what doe efficacy beliefs mediate?

A

the attachment-satisfaction relationship

42
Q

insecure-attachment and relationship stability

A

have shorter relationships, as likely as secure individuals to be with same romantic partner over timw

43
Q

avoidance-attachment and relationship stability

A

more permissive attitudes towards engaging in fidelity

44
Q

relationship adjustment and ghosting

A

ghostees had higher anxiety than those who had not been ghosted

ghosters had greater avoidance than not ghosted

45
Q

partner effects in relationship adjustment

A

actor insecurity is associated with partner’s satisfaction

46
Q

couple-type effects in relationship adjustment

A

secure-secure couples have greater satisfaction

47
Q
A

LI INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY (9 decks)

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