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LI INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY > Intelligence > Flashcards

Intelligence Flashcards

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1
Q

how did sternberg define intelligence?

A

mental activity directed towards purposive adaptation
- reasoning, planning, and solving problems

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2
Q

spearman’s theory of intelligence

A

could be divided into (g) and (s)

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3
Q

(G)

A

general intelligence used to complete intellectual work

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4
Q

(S)

A

learnt general ability to perform individual tasks

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5
Q

what did thurstone (1938) divide intelligence into?

A
  1. perceptual speed
  2. inductive reasoning
  3. associative memory
  4. verbal comprehension
  5. word fluency
  6. number facility
  7. spatial visualisation

proposed the idea of positive manifold

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6
Q

what did cattell divide (g) into?

A

fluid and crystallised intelligence

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7
Q

fluid intelligence

A

biologically based hardware of intelligence

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8
Q

crystallised intelligence

A

outside factors, e.g., education, family, and environment

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9
Q

carroll’s three-stratum model

A

the three strata each represent narrow, broad, and general cognitive domains

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10
Q

gardener divided intelligence into seven categories…

A
  1. linguistics
  2. logical
  3. spatial
  4. musical
  5. kinaesthetic
  6. interpersonal
  7. intrapersonal
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11
Q

sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence

A

split into analytical, creative, and practical domains

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12
Q

what do psychometric tests consist of?

A

standardised questions for participants to complete
- have predictive value
- useless until compared to norms

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13
Q

what are intelligence tests?

A

a form of psychometric testing to measure general ability

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14
Q

galton’s demand for intelligence tests

A
  • must be quantifiable and measurable
  • normal distribution
  • correlation coefficients
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15
Q

binet-simon scale (1905)

A

commissioned by french gov. to identify failed progression in children

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16
Q

IQ equation

A

(mental age / chronological age) x 100

17
Q

what does IQ measure?

A

verbal, visual, quantitative reasoning, and short-term memory

18
Q

administering tests individually

A

clear instructions
time consuming
clinical/educational psych

19
Q

administering tests in a group

A

cheaper and less skill#
large data collection
unsuitable for close supervision

20
Q

what is the flynn effect?

A

recent increase in IQ scores (5-25 points between generations), specifically in non-verbal ability

21
Q

sociobiological explanation of the flynn effect

A
  • length of schooling (but crystallised intelligence should also be improving)
  • child-rearing practices
  • more intelligence
  • visual and technical environment
  • test-taking sophistication
  • nutrition and health care improvements
22
Q

what tasks do men perform better at?

A

spatial ability tasks, transformations in working memory, and motor tasks

23
Q

what tasks do women perform better at?

A

speech production, perceptual speed, reading, access to information in the LTM

24
Q

biological explanations for sex differences in intelligence

A
  • lateralisation in the right side of male brains vs. both halves for women
  • women have more white matter (transmission) and fewer grey matter (processing) areas related to IQ
25
Q

environmental explanations for sex differences in intelligence

A
  • gender stereotypes
  • schemas
  • outside education
  • within education
26
Q

evidence that intelligence is highly heritable

A
  • 50%-70% of variation in g is caused by genetics, seen in twin and adoption studies
27
Q

the dark side of intelligence testing

A
  • roots are tied to eugenics, e.g., Galton encouraged genetic determinism
28
Q

what has research assumed about intelligence and race?

A

white europeans were the most intelligent race

29
Q

different agendas to studying race and intelligence

A
  • right-wing academia and race realism
  • impact on mainstream science
30
Q

how do intelligence tests fail to account for culture?

A

intelligence is culturally bound; the US has no universal concept and african populations centre intelligence around relations

31
Q

what is the Volvo effect?

A

higher SES backgrounds attain higher marks, and IQ tests discriminate against lower SES

32
Q

how can intelligence labelling influence future academic success?

A

e.g., the halo effect

33
Q

why were grammar schools criticised?

A

for reinforcing class division and segregation within education

34
Q

what do grammar school selections test for?

A
  • numerical reasoning
  • verbal reasoning
  • english comprehension
  • non-verbal reasoning
  • creative writing

LI INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY (9 decks)

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