Interpersonal Relations Theory

Question 1

Hildegard Peplau Concepts

Answer 1

• Phases of relationship
• Anxiety (human response)
• Pattern integration

Question 2

Nurse/Patient Relationship Phases

Answer 2

• Orientation
• Working
• Resolution

Question 3

Orientation Phase

Answer 3

• Sets stage for relationship development
• Get to know each other
• Roles/expectations
• Expression of needs

Question 4

Working Phase (Patient)

Answer 4

• Making use of resources
• Improve health

Question 5

Working Phase (Nurse)

Answer 5

• Resource person
• Counselor
• Surrogate
• Teacher
• Facilitate development towards wellbeing

Question 6

Resolution Phase

Answer 6

• Dependent to independent
• Strengthened ability to manage care
• Mutual termination of nurse-patient relationship
• Planning sources for future support

Question 7

Anxiety

Answer 7

• Emerged energy in response to threat
• Unpleasant state of uneasiness/tension
• Expectation not met
• Discomfort is felt
• Relief behaviors

Question 8

Development of Anxiety

Answer 8

• Expectations held
• Expectations unmet
• Discomfort
• Relief behaviors
• Relief behaviors justified & rationalized

Question 9

Responses to Anxiety

Answer 9

• Behavioral
• Cognitive
• Affective
• Physiological

Question 10

Behavioural Response

Answer 10

• Tension
• Tremors
• Decreased coordination
• Hyperventilation
• Startle
• Restless

Question 11

Cognitive Response

Answer 11

• Decreased attention & concentration
• Forgetful
• Confused
• Lose control
• Error in judgement

Question 12

Affective Response

Answer 12

• Nervous
• Tense
• Fearful
• Frustrated
• Terror
• Jittery
• Helpless

Question 13

Physiological Response

Answer 13

• Elevated pulse & BP
• Sweating
• Peripheral vasoconstriction
• Infections
• Prolonged wound healing

Question 14

Anxiety Levels

Answer 14

• Mild
• Moderate
• Severe
• Panic

Question 15

Mild Anxiety Effects

Answer 15

• More observant
• Perceptual field widens
• Make connections among data

Question 16

Mild Anxiety Interventions

Answer 16

• Learning is possible
• Use energy (movement)
• Encourage learning

Question 17

Moderate Anxiety

Answer 17

• Sees, hears, grasps LESS
• Attend to if directed
• State anxiety

Question 18

Moderate Anxiety Interventions

Answer 18

Talk/focus on experience

Question 19

Severe Anxiety

Answer 19

• Perceptual field reduced
• Dissociation
• Unable to attend

Question 20

Severe Interventions

Answer 20

• Learning less possible
• Relief behaviors used (don’t ask)
• Encourage speaking & movement

Question 21

Pattern

Answer 21

• Characteristic behavior mode
• Configuration of separate acts with similar theme
• Abstraction
• Unique, temporary, situation-determined

Question 22

Pattern Integration

Answer 22

Interaction of patterns from different individuals

Question 23

Types of Pattern Integration

Answer 23

• Mutual
• Complementary
• Reciprocal/alternating
• Antagonistic

Question 24

Mutual Pattern

Answer 24

• Individuals display similar pattern
• Mutual respect/concern (positive)
• Mutual anger/disrespect (negative)

Question 25

Complementary Pattern

Answer 25

• Assist in ensuring continuity of pattern
• Anger-withdrawal, domination/submission

Question 26

Reciprocal/Alternating Pattern

Answer 26

• Reverse/alternate roles
• Dependant/helper
• Problem solving

Question 27

Antagonistic Pattern

Answer 27

• Individual patterns don’t fit together
• Discomfort/disharmony
• Motivation to change
• Therapeutic pattern leading to change

Question 28

Orlando’s Nursing Process

Answer 28

• Based on individuals actions
• Meet patient needs
• Understand specific meaning of behavior
• Universality across practice domains

Question 29

Emphasis of Peplau Theory

Answer 29

Interpersonal relationship

Question 30

Emphasis of Orlando Theory

Answer 30

Immediate needs of client

Question 31

Orlando Nursing Process

Answer 31

• Patient behavior
• Nurse reaction
• Nurse action (automatic & deliberative)

Question 32

Patient Behaviour

Answer 32

• All behavior considered
• Verbal/non-verbal
• Physiological manifestations

Question 33

Nurse Reaction

Answer 33

• Perceives behavior through all senses
• Perception leads to automatic thought
• Automatic feeling
• Shares reaction with patient
• Accurate/inaccurate conformation
• Deliberation about self & patient reaction

Question 34

Automatic Nurse Action

Answer 34

• Actions based upon other reasons than patient immediate need
• Carry out physician orders
• General principles for protecting health

Question 35

Deliberative Nurse Action

Answer 35

• Result of correct identification from patient
• Validation of nurses reaction
• Explore meaning of action
• Validates effectiveness of action

Question 36

Orlando Theory Components

Answer 36

• Function of professional nursing
• Presenting behavior
• Immediate reaction
• Nursing process discipline
• Improvement

Question 37

Improvement Resolution

Answer 37

• Product of discovering meaning of patients need
• Observable verbally/non-verbal behavior
• Sense of helplessness relief
• Restart process if no improvement

Question 38

Characteristic of Orlando Theory

Answer 38

• Interrelates concepts
• Logical nature
• Simple & applicable
• Contributes to profession knowledge
• Applicable in clinical practice