Interpersonal Relations Theory Flashcards
Hildegard Peplau Concepts
- Phases of relationship
- Anxiety (human response)
- Pattern integration
Nurse/Patient Relationship Phases
- Orientation
- Working
- Resolution
Orientation Phase
- Sets stage for relationship development
- Get to know each other
- Roles/expectations
- Expression of needs
Working Phase (Patient)
- Making use of resources
- Improve health
Working Phase (Nurse)
- Resource person
- Counselor
- Surrogate
- Teacher
- Facilitate development towards wellbeing
Resolution Phase
- Dependent to independent
- Strengthened ability to manage care
- Mutual termination of nurse-patient relationship
- Planning sources for future support
Anxiety
- Emerged energy in response to threat
- Unpleasant state of uneasiness/tension
- Expectation not met
- Discomfort is felt
- Relief behaviors
Development of Anxiety
- Expectations held
- Expectations unmet
- Discomfort
- Relief behaviors
- Relief behaviors justified & rationalized
Responses to Anxiety
- Behavioral
- Cognitive
- Affective
- Physiological
Behavioural Response
- Tension
- Tremors
- Decreased coordination
- Hyperventilation
- Startle
- Restless
Cognitive Response
- Decreased attention & concentration
- Forgetful
- Confused
- Lose control
- Error in judgement
Affective Response
- Nervous
- Tense
- Fearful
- Frustrated
- Terror
- Jittery
- Helpless
Physiological Response
- Elevated pulse & BP
- Sweating
- Peripheral vasoconstriction
- Infections
- Prolonged wound healing
Anxiety Levels
- Mild
- Moderate
- Severe
- Panic
Mild Anxiety Effects
- More observant
- Perceptual field widens
- Make connections among data
Mild Anxiety Interventions
- Learning is possible
- Use energy (movement)
- Encourage learning
Moderate Anxiety
- Sees, hears, grasps LESS
- Attend to if directed
- State anxiety
Moderate Anxiety Interventions
Talk/focus on experience
Severe Anxiety
- Perceptual field reduced
- Dissociation
- Unable to attend
Severe Interventions
- Learning less possible
- Relief behaviors used (don’t ask)
- Encourage speaking & movement
Pattern
- Characteristic behavior mode
- Configuration of separate acts with similar theme
- Abstraction
- Unique, temporary, situation-determined
Pattern Integration
Interaction of patterns from different individuals
Types of Pattern Integration
- Mutual
- Complementary
- Reciprocal/alternating
- Antagonistic
Mutual Pattern
- Individuals display similar pattern
- Mutual respect/concern (positive)
- Mutual anger/disrespect (negative)
Complementary Pattern
- Assist in ensuring continuity of pattern
- Anger-withdrawal, domination/submission
Reciprocal/Alternating Pattern
- Reverse/alternate roles
- Dependant/helper
- Problem solving
Antagonistic Pattern
- Individual patterns don’t fit together
- Discomfort/disharmony
- Motivation to change
- Therapeutic pattern leading to change
Orlando’s Nursing Process
- Based on individuals actions
- Meet patient needs
- Understand specific meaning of behavior
- Universality across practice domains
Emphasis of Peplau Theory
Interpersonal relationship
Emphasis of Orlando Theory
Immediate needs of client
Orlando Nursing Process
- Patient behavior
- Nurse reaction
- Nurse action (automatic & deliberative)
Patient Behaviour
- All behavior considered
- Verbal/non-verbal
- Physiological manifestations
Nurse Reaction
- Perceives behavior through all senses
- Perception leads to automatic thought
- Automatic feeling
- Shares reaction with patient
- Accurate/inaccurate conformation
- Deliberation about self & patient reaction
Automatic Nurse Action
- Actions based upon other reasons than patient immediate need
- Carry out physician orders
- General principles for protecting health
Deliberative Nurse Action
- Result of correct identification from patient
- Validation of nurses reaction
- Explore meaning of action
- Validates effectiveness of action
Orlando Theory Components
- Function of professional nursing
- Presenting behavior
- Immediate reaction
- Nursing process discipline
- Improvement
Improvement Resolution
- Product of discovering meaning of patients need
- Observable verbally/non-verbal behavior
- Sense of helplessness relief
- Restart process if no improvement
Characteristic of Orlando Theory
- Interrelates concepts
- Logical nature
- Simple & applicable
- Contributes to profession knowledge
- Applicable in clinical practice
