Interpersonal processes Flashcards
Describe social factors that influence prosocial behaviour, with reference to the reciprocity principle and social responsibility
Prosocial behaviours are helping behaviour that benefit other people and society. There are a range of social factors that increase the likelihood of helping behavioursl these include the reciprocity principle and social responsibility.
Describe personal characteristics that influence prosocial behaviour, with reference to empathy, mood, competence and altruism.
There are personal characteristics that contribute to prosocial behaviour, such as empathy, mood, competence and altruism. These all influence the likelihood of helping others.
Empathy: is the emotional response to an increased understanding and feeling of others’ emotions. Helping someone relieves the unpleasent feeling experience when watchong them suffer or be in pain.
mood: individuals in a good mood are much more likely to help than people who are in a bad mood, as they feel more optimistic about helping others. People in a bad mood are less likely to help other as they tend to focus their attention inward, rather than outward to those in need.
competence: Our perception of what we are capable of will lead us to assess whether or not to give help in any situation.
Altruism: if we are selfless and we believe that helping others is our personal responsibility, we are much more likely to help. Altruism is a person’s desire to help others because of a genuine concern for their wellbeing, and not for personal gain. Oftern, the benefit to others is at some cost to the person.
analyse Bibb Darley and John Latane’s (1968) model of bystander intervention
antisocial behaviours can be define as any behaviour that deviate from the norm and cause psychological, physical or social harm to an individual or to others.
The five processes of Darley and Latane’s model are:
1. Notice the need for help
2. Decide that it is an emergency
3. decide to take responsibility
4. decide on a way to help
5. take action to help
consider factors that influence antisocial behaviour, including groupthink, diffusion of responsibility, audience inhibition, social influence and cost-benefit analysis.
There are multiple factors that influence antisocial behaviour:
Group think: Individuals in a group are often influenced by other members of the group
diffusion of responsibility: when there are a lot of people witnessing an emergency, a phenomenon occurs.
Audience inhibtion: An individual may feel nervous of judgment due to others around them, decreasing the likelihood of them exhibiting helpful behaviour.
Social influence will affect behaviours and can lead an inldividual to exhibit antisocial behaviour.
Cost-benefit analysis: The decision to help or to walk away from a situation can also be established based on the perceived costs, or the negitive outcomes.
discuss the general aggression model (GAM)
Aggression is behaviour that is intended to cause harm that is directed towards other people. The GAM heips us to predict situations in which aggressive behaviour may occur.
explain how media can influence aggression, with reference to advetising, video games and scoial media
There are various forms of media that contribute to and influence feelings of aggression.
decribe biological theories of attraction (Buss, Abbott, Angleitner, Asherian, Biaggio et al. 1990)
Attraction can be explained through various biological, social and cognitive theories that all contribute to explaining how attraction is formed. The biological theories suggest that people chose partners based on who will serve an evolutionary purpose and help them survive.
recognise social and cognitive origins of attraction, including proximity, reciprocity and similarity.
The social and cogintive theories propose that people seek partners based on people who have similar personalities who will be most likely to reciprocate feelings of love.
Procimity: suggest that being geographically close to someone increases your chance of liking them or being attracted to them.
reciprocity: If someone lets you know that they are attracted to you, you are much more likely to like them back.
Similarity: The similarity-attraction hypothesis proposed by Markey and Markey (2007) states that the more similar you are to the person you are selecting to be your mate, and more likely you will be attracted to them and stay together long term.
Predict why relationship change and end, with reference to Duck’s stages of dissolution (i.e. intrapsychic stage, dyadic stage, social stage, grave-dressing stage and resurrection stage) (stephanie Rollie and Steve Duck 2006).
There are numerous factors that determine satisfaction within a relationship, and whether the relationship will last over thim or end. Relationship dissolution is the conscious process of breaking up a relationship. Duck’s model of relationship dissolution is one theory that propose how a relationship can break down over the course of key stages: intrapsychic stage, dyadic stage, social stage, grave-dressing stage and resurrection stage.
Intrapsychic phase: beginning of a relationship breakdrown, where an individual may be thinking about leaving the relationship.
Dyadic phase: the person is unhappy in the relationship will begin to discuss their thoughts and concerns with their patner.
Social phase: the enviroment the couple is in and the people they are around begin to become aware of the dissolution.
grave-dressing phase: occurs when couple has broken up.
Resurrection phase: where an individual has healed from the dissolution and is ready to enter a new relationship.
