Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Interpersonal Communication > Interpersonal Exam #1 > Flashcards

Interpersonal Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

models of communication

A

action
interaction
transaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

action model

A 
message transfer
one way linear model of communication
7 pieces
-source
-encoding
-message
-channel
-decoding
-receiver
-noise
examples
-advertisements
reading
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

interaction model

A

message exchange
two-way linear model
all the same elements of the action model, plus
-feedback (response to original message)
when the receiver receives the message, there is a pause
examples
-letters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

transaction

A

message creation
same as the interaction model, except
-parts are continuous and simultaneous, not linear
you are always being influenced by the other person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

interpersonal communication

A

dyadic communication

treat one another as unique individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

impersonal vs interpersonal communication

A

conventional - unique
replaceable (they need a fill)- irreplaceable
-independent - interdependent
superficial - deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

myths of interpersonal communication

A

more words make things clearer (better)
meanings are in words
-meanings are in people
all communication seeks understanding
-ritualistic communication
relationship problems are communication problems
-most of the time we have problems because of incompatible goals
effective communication is a natural ability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fundamental principle of interpersonal communication

A

the quality of our interpersonal relationships stems from the quality of our communication with others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

IP is

A 
irreversible
-you can't take it back
unrepeatable
-every context is different
inevitable
-one cannot not communicate
intentional and unintentional
-a yawn: unintentional
-the response: I must be boring you (intentional)
involves rules
-implicit and explicit
content and relationship elements
-content: ideas and information, primarily verbal
-relationship: primarily nonverbal, implied meaning, classifies the content
contextual
-cultural aspects: positive affect of Americans vs Paresians
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

example of content and relationship dimensions

A 
receive an invitation to see a movie, say "I'm busy"
verbal content
-I'm busy
nonverbal
-don't want to hang out
-genuinely sorry you can't go
-don't want to see the movie
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

communication competence

A

defines as effective and appropriate
-effective: getting point across, received desired results
-appropriate: meeting the rules and expectations for that situation, enhances or maintains the relationship
there is no single “ideal” way to communicate
competence is situational
competence can be learned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

characteristics of a competent communicator

A 
nexting
a large repertoire of skills
adaptability
empathy/perspective taking
cognitive complexity
self-monitoring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

nexting

A

reality that we always have the ability to choose what we do or say next
call to personal responsibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cognitive complexity

A

ability to look at a situation and come up with multiple possibilities for the cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

self-monitoring

A

ability to monitor own behavior
two types
-ability to monitor behavior while engaging
-little voice that acts before you speak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

self-concept

A

a relatively stable set of perception that you hold about yourself
subjective
more descriptive (what)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

self-esteem

A

evaluation of ones worth
reflected in our skills, talents, knowledge, and appearance
more evaluative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a large part of who we are is reflected in our

A

attitudes
beliefs
values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

attitudes

A

positive or negative response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

beliefs

A

conception about what is true and what is false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

values

A

thoughts about what we think is good and what we think is bad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

private vs public self

A

private: perceived
- how we see ourselves
public: presenting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

material self

A

The total of all the tangible things you own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

social self

A

reflected in interactions and relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

spiritual self

A

A man’s inner or subjective being

His psychic faculties and dispositions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

characteristics of self-concept

A

subjective
-high or low self-evaluations
flexible
resistant to chang
e-we tend to resist revising how we see others
-cognitive conservatism: we seek out information that confirms our existing self-concept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how self-concept develops

A 
not born with a conscious self-concept
interactions with others
social comparison
association with groups
roles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

interactions with others

A

reflected appraisal: looking glass self

shift changes at 12 from looking to parents to looking to peers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

social comparison

A

reference group
-who the reference group is is important
superior/inferior or similar/different

30
Q

how self-concept affects interpersonal relationships

A

decentering
self-fulfilling prophecy
interpretation of messages

31
Q

decentering

A

ability to move beyond yourself as the frame of reference
-people with a high self-concept struggle with this
you need to be able to decenter in order to have empathy and see others’ viewpoints

32
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

you believe something about yourself and it comes true

33
Q

interpretation of messages

A

narcissistic response to criticism

-other person is jealous

34
Q

Schutz’s Interpersonal Needs Theory

A

people have three primary needs

  • need for inclusion
  • need for affection
  • need for control
35
Q

need for inclusion

A

our desire to belong and have significance
the most basic interpersonal need
three ways people address inclusion needs
-the under-social: low need for inclusion, “loner”
-the over-social: always want to be included
-the ideal social: comfortable being social or alone

36
Q

need for affection

A

the need to feel and express love
the most intense of the interpersonal needs
three ways people address affection needs
-the under-personal: low need for affection, don’t expect much affection and tend to not give much
-the over-personal: desires a lot of love and affection from others
-the personal: feels comfortable giving and receiving love from some and not from others

37
Q

need for control

A

we all have a desire to influence and be influenced; to respect others and be respected
three ways to address control needs
-abdicrat: low need for control, like to give power away to others
-autocrat: high need for control
-democrat: feels comfortable with power but also feels comfortable giving power away

38
Q

where are these needs met?

A

relationships

39
Q

changing self-concept

A 
have realistic expectations
have a realistic perception of yourself
have the will to change
have the skill to change
have a sense of humor (about yourself)
service
-when we serve others, our self-concept goes up
40
Q

perception

A

experiencing the world and making sense out of what we experience

41
Q

interpersonal perception

A

taking the process of perception and applying it to people
we try and figure out what people are like and we try to give meaning to their actions
our perceptions aren’t necessarily objective facts

42
Q

the stages of the perception process

A

selecting
organizing
interpreting

43
Q

selecting

A

picking a certain piece of information and focusing on it

44
Q

why do we see certain cues over others

A 
easiest
personal relevance
-name
-interest
familiar
distinctive
repetitive
45
Q

organizing

A

we put information into an efficient pattern to make sense out of it
punctuation
closure
stereotyping

46
Q

constructs for organizing information

A

physical
role
interaction
psychological

47
Q

punctuation

A

determining the causes and effects in a series of interactions

  • wife demands –> husband avoids –> repeat
  • -who is the cause
48
Q

stereotyping

A

we place someone in a rigid category
interpret all their behavior from that category
problem
-undervalues our individual differences/what makes us unique

49
Q

closure

A

occurs when we fill in missing information
circle vs. dashes in the form of a circle
we do this with people
-they look and act and sound like someone we know
-we assume they have a lot of similar qualities as the person we know

50
Q

influences on perception

-standpoint theory

A

BOOK

51
Q

where do specific interpretations come from

A 
degree of involvement
-tend to view people more favorably with a higher degree of involvement
relational satisfaction
past experience
knowledge of others
52
Q

impressions

A 
collection of perceptions
we place people into one of two categories
-people we like
-people we do not like
occurs in 90 seconds to 4 minutes
53
Q

Impression Formation Theory

A

tells us where the information comes from that we use to form perceptions of others
3 sources
-what the person tells us
-others’ appearance/behaviors
-what 3rd parties tell us
–30% of others’ perception is from 3rd parties

54
Q

Crude Law of Relationship Impressions

A

positive impressions are hard to acquire but easy to lose

negative impressions are easy to acquire but hard to lose

55
Q

primacy effect

A

we tend to give more weight to the first piece of information we receive about another person

56
Q

recency effect

A

we tend to give more weight to the last piece of information we receive about another person

57
Q

halo effect

A

occurs when we learn positive information/qualities of another person
we assume the person has other positive qualities/characteristics that we don’t know about

58
Q

horn effect

A

occurs when we learn negative information/qualities of another person
we assume the person has other negative qualities/characteristics that we don’t know about

59
Q

impression management

A

occurs when we make guesses about how others are going to interpret our behavior and then we act in such a way to form the impression that we want

60
Q

how to form the best “first impression” using nonverbal behaviors

A 
physical appearance
positive affect cues (warmth, kindness)
-voice
-smiling
immediacy cues (signal interest)
-eye contact
-nodding
-back-channeling
-direct body orientation (shoulders square to other person)
61
Q

causal attribution theory

A

giving a cause to someone’s behavior
internal/external
-internal: deals with the qualities/characteristics of the person
-external: situational cause

62
Q

differences in attributions between happy and unhappy couples

A

happy couples make external attributions in negative situations
happy couples make internal attributions in positive situations

63
Q

biases in the attribution process

A

objectivity bias
actor-observer bias
self-serving bias

64
Q

objectivity bias

A

we treat our attributions as objective facts

we act upon them as if they are true

65
Q

actor-observer bias

A

tendency to explain someone else’s negative behavior as being due to internal characteristics
our negative behavior is due to external circumstances

66
Q

self-serving bias

A

we take credit for positive outcomes

we distance ourselves from negative outcomes

67
Q

barriers to accurate perceptions

A

ignoring information
oversimplifying
stereotyping
imposing consistency
-overestimate consistency of self and others
focusing on the negative
-we give more weight to negative information

68
Q

improving perception skills

A

know yourself (know the types of perceptions I generally make
consider the context
become other-oriented
check your perception

69
Q

direct vs. indirect perception checking

A

direct
-directly ask the person
indirect
-looking for additional information from external sources (other person, context) to see if your perception is accurate

70
Q

direct perception checking

A

avoid defensearousing accusations
-“why are you mad”
-it assumes that we know what the answer is
complete direct perception check includes
-a description of the behavior you noticed
-two possible interpretations of the behavior (shows you haven’t come to a conclusion already)
-a request for clarification about how to interpret the behavior

71
Q

building empathy

A

BOOK

Interpersonal Communication (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions