INTERpersonal Communication Flashcards
INTERpersonal Communication
What is INTERpersonal relationship
The ability of two or more persons to jointly create and maintain a mutually satisfying relationship
Social Exchange Theory
What do we need as communicators?
- Rewards
- Inclusion, control, affection
- Comfort
- Self Disclosure
Social Exchange Theory
Individuals seek to…?
- Maximize rewards in relationships
- Minimize costs in relationships
Social Exchange Theory
How do rewards and costs influence our relational decisions?
- We stay in relationships that are more rewarding than costly
- We stay in relationships that are more rewarding than the alternative
Impression Management
William Shakespeare’s quote from “As you like it”
“All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players. They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts”
Impression Management
What is Erving Goffman’s most popular book?
The Presentation of self
Impression Management
Define: Dramaturgical Analysis
Theatrical metaphor to explain human social interaction
Impression Management
What was Goffman’s view of self?
Believes theres no self, just roles we play
Impression Management
Impression Management
Face work, Face management
Impression Management
Define: Face
Impression Management
What is Front Stage Self
- Public presenting self, Presented to an unfamiliar audience
- A “face” or “mask”
- Impression Management
Impression Management
What is Back Stage Self
- Private self
- Presented to familiar audiences
Impression Management
What is expressive control
Expressions given (What I show) Vs.
Expressions given off (Whats recieved)
When I do nothing but jackson says im smiling
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
What is the fundamental assumption about what humans try to increase and why?
- Seek to increase our ability to make predictions abt each other
- To make sense of our communication experience
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
What is the Proactive Process?
Attempts to reduce uncertainty prior to a communative episode
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
What are the 2 strategies associated with the Proactive Process?
- Passive - Observe the other in diff social situations (ppl watching)
- Active - Ask others abt the person of interest (Gossiping)
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
What is the Interactive process?
Engaging in conversation and asking questions to reduce discomfort
Interviews
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
What is the Retroactive Process?
Applying sense-making tools to events after their occurance
Thinking about how the first date went, do I want another?
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
What are the 3 processes associated with the Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT)?
- Proactive
- Interactive
- Retroactive
Pirrrrrrr
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
What do people experience in initial interpersonal settings and why?
- Uncertainty
Why? - No prior Info
- Inability to predict/explain
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
What is the psychological “state” uncertainty creates?
It creates an Aversive state
causing a strong feeling of dislike or avoidance
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
What are the two primary goals people usually have when meetings strangers?
- Decrease uncertainty (info seeking)
- Increase predicatbility
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
What is the primary means of reducing uncertainty?
Information
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
What are the 3 phases with URT?
- Entry
- Personal
- Exit
one interaction
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
What is the ENTRY phase?
- 1st stage in an interaction between stranger (meeting)
- Guided by implicit and explicit rules/norms (social norms)
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
What is the Personal phase?
- Begin to communicate more spontaneously
- Increase self-disclosure
(Less thinking before talking)
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
What is the Exit phase?
- Decision phase
- Deciding wheter to continue the interaction
- People differ: Enter, length of time spent, exit phase
INTERpersonal Communication
What are the 4 theories of INTERpersonal Communication?
S.I.U.S
- Social Exchange Theory
- Impression Management
- Uncertainty Reduction Theory
- Social Penetration Theory
Social Penetration Theory
What is the primary focus of the Social Penetration Theory (SPT)?
Understand relational “closeness”and “intamacy”, through self-disclosure
Social Penetration Theory
What is meant by “social penetration” in relation to types of communication?
- From superficial communication to intimate
- Peeling back the layers of the onion
- Breadth and depth of self-disclosure determines closeness
Social Penetration Theory
What do you know about
Self-disclosure?
- At the core of relational development
- Is either Strategic or Non-Strategic
Social Penetration Theory
How is relational development viewed?
- Generally systematic and predictable
- Includes de-penetration and dissolution caused by transgressions
Transgression can be cheating or lying
De-penetration is putting the walls back up
Social Penetration Theory
How does strategic and non-strategic self-disclosure affect relational development?
The more strategic, the less the development, and vice versa
Social Penetration Theory
Explain what the “Breadth and depth of communication” means
The number and variety of topics and how detailed you talk about them determines the closeness of the relationship
Social Penetration Theory
What are the 4 stages of Social Penetration?
- Orientation
- Exploratory Affective
- Affective Exchange
- Stable Exchange
Social Penetration Theory
What is the Orientation Stage?
- Outer circle
- Small talk
- “Public” Info is shared
- Non intamate, superficial
- Guided by social norms
- Hesitant
Social Penetration Theory
What is the Exploratory Affective Stage?
Acquaintances & Friendly neighbors
- Some personality
- Some private life
- More spontaneous
- Increased non-verbal comm
- Few relationships surpass this stage
Social Penetration Theory
What is the Affective Exchange Stage?
- Relaxed and casual
- Quick decisions less cautious
- Personal idioms (nicknames and such)
- Both positive and negative exchanges
- Willingness to engage in criticisms
Close friends and intimate partners
Social Penetration Theory
What is the Stable Exchange Stage?
- Open expression of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
- High degree of spontaneous comm
- Highly Intamte, high predictability
- Fewer misinterpretations
- High familiarity
- Humor and sarcasm
- Efficent communication
Few relationships reach this stage
