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MAM05 > Interoperability > Flashcards

Interoperability Flashcards

1
Q

Interoperability

A

ability of 2 application systems to exchange information with each other and to use the information that has been exchanged (Winter).

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2
Q

Adaptable software, name 5 with 1 most adaptable and 5 less adaptable

A
  1. Legacy software
  2. Packaged software (COTS)
  3. Open standards (e.g. HL7 FHIR)
  4. Open-source
  5. bespoke: in-house of outsourced
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3
Q

Approaches to interoperability (combination is possible):

A
  1. information-oriented approach
  2. business process integration-oriented approach
  3. Service-oriented approach (SOA)
  4. portal-oriented approach
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4
Q

Information-oriented approach =

A

exchange of simple information

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5
Q

information-oriented approach, advantages:

A

 Few or no changes to systems involved
 Does not require managing state, logic and sequence
 Straightforward and widely used

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6
Q

APIs =

A

set of functions and procedures that specify how software components should interact

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7
Q

business process integration-oriented approach, goal:

A

single model spanning many applications and data stores which “controls” how systems and humans interact

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8
Q

Service-oriented approach (SOA)

A

provides services instead of information –> loose coupling

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9
Q

service-oriented approach (SOA), definition:

A

software architecture for building applications that implement business processes or services by using a set of loosely coupled black-box components orchestrated to deliver a well-defined level of service. (one of the many definitions)

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10
Q

features of service-oriented approach (SOA):

A
  • is for building business applications
  • is a black-box component architecture
  • component is a service
  • components are loosely coupled
  • components are orchestrated to link together through business processes to deliver a well-defined level of service
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11
Q

loose coupling =

A

a long-standing IT term meaning that the internals of an application or business service must be able to change without impacting client applications. Specifically, a service consumer should not be required to know any more about service than what is contained in the published contract

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12
Q

What enables SOA (service-oriented approach)

A
  1. Services
  2. Service providers
  3. Service consumers
  4. service registries
  5. service messaging
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13
Q

service providers =

A

provide a service that preforms some business function at the request of the service consumer.

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14
Q

service consumers =

A

developers do not have to design, build or test services; they just use them to accomplish business functions

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15
Q

service registries =

A

provide a mechanism for storing. Managing and accessing service contracts.

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16
Q

disadvantages of portal-oriented approach:

A

 Non automatic information flow between application

17
Q

advantages of portal-oriented approach:

A

 Noninvasive
 Easier
 Faster to realize

18
Q

middleware =

A

any type of software that facilitates communication between 2 or more software systems.

19
Q

types of middleware:

A
  • Remote procedure call (RPC)
  • Message-oriented middleware (MOM)
  • Distributed objects (r.i.p.)
  • Database-oriented
  • TP Monitors/transaction-oriented (not dead yet…)
  • Application servers
20
Q

Remote procedure call (RPC) =

A

procedure call over network; network hidden for programmer

21
Q

advantages of remote procedure call (RPC):

A
  • Easy to use
22
Q

disadvantages of remote procedure call (RPC):

A
  • Synchronous only
  • Language dependent
  • Requires much c/s communication
23
Q

Message-oriented middleware (MOM) =

A

like RCP, but asynchronous: messages are queued

24
Q

advantages of message-oriented middleware (MOM):

A
  • Less bandwidth required
  • Other party may be down
  • Logging
25
Q

disadvantages of message-oriented middleware (MOM):

A
  • Still requires major changes in applications
26
Q

Distributed objects =

A

adds object-orientation to RCP

27
Q

advantages of distributed objects:

A
  • Well-defined standards; includes possibilities for asynchronous calls, transactions
28
Q

disadvantages/difficulties of distributed objects:

A
  • Not widely used
29
Q

database-oriented =

A

facilitates communication with databases

30
Q

transaction criteria of TP Monitors/transaction-oriented:

A
  • Atomicity
  • Consistency
  • Isolation
  • Durability

(ACID)

31
Q

application servers =

A

container for web applications

32
Q

role of XML:

A
  • provides common data-exchange format
33
Q

advantages of XML:

A

o Everybody supports XML (yet in different ways)
o Many, many XML-based standards
o Includes middleware vendors (? Or disadvantages??)

34
Q

disadvantages of XML:

A

o Not memory efficient

35
Q

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) =

A

a light-weight alternative to XML for data-exchange

36
Q

advantages of JSON:

A

o Language independent
o Most programming languages can easily read it and instantiate objects or some other data structure

MAM05 (9 decks)

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