Internet and Its Uses

Question 1

What is the internet

Answer 1

huge, public network of computer systems, and is the physical infrastructure that allows data to travel across the globe

Question 2

physical attributes of the internet

Answer 2

Computers
Servers
Switches
Routers
Cables

Question 3

what is the world wide web

Answer 3

collection of resources that exist on that network (exists on the internet)

Question 4

resources on the world wide web

Answer 4

Web pages
Documents
Images
Videos
Music
Emails

Question 5

What is a URL

Answer 5

text-based address for a web page, or any resource that exists on the internet

Question 6

example of URL

Answer 6

http://www.bbc.com

Question 7

what does URL stand for

Answer 7

uniform resource locator

Question 8

what does the URL contain

Answer 8

protocol, domain, file path, file name

Question 9

what is http

Answer 9

protocol used to transfer resources, such as web pages, via the world wide web

Question 10

what does http stand for

Answer 10

hypertext transfer protocol

Question 11

what is https

Answer 11

secure method of sending data via the world wide web (all data can be read by anyone)

Question 12

what does https use

Answer 12

transport layer security (TLS) and asymmetric encryption

Question 13

what does https stand for

Answer 13

hypertext transfer protocol secure

Question 14

purpose of a web
browser

Answer 14

render
hypertext markup language (HTML) and display
web pages

Question 15

functions of a web browser

Answer 15

• storing bookmarks and favourites
  – recording user history
  – allowing use of multiple tabs
  – storing cookies
  – providing navigation tools
  – providing an address bar

Question 16

Describe how web pages are located, retrieved
and displayed on a device when a user enters a
URL

Answer 16

1. Once a URL is entered into a web browser, this request goes straight to a DNS Server to resolve to an IP address.
2. Once this has been resolved, the web browser visits the web server at the IP address in question.
3. The web server will grant access to the resource, returning it to the requesting web browser.
4. Finally, the web browser will translate the raw HTML and any other content, into a readable format for the user.

Question 17

Functions of Cookies

Answer 17

• saving personal details
  – tracking user preferences
  – holding items in an online shopping cart
  – storing login details

Question 18

what are cookies

Answer 18

small pieces of data that are stored on the users’ computer system, and are used by the web browser

Question 19

what is a persistent cookie

Answer 19

cookie stores some unique data associated with a particular customer. It will store these details in a small file on the user’s computer system, and will be used whenever that user browses the website. It will store these details until the date shown in the ‘Expire’ attribute, meaning the user does not need to enter these details again – they will be remembered by the web browser.

cookies remove the need to alter settings on every visit to a website, and provide simple long-term storage for preferences. They are often used to store login details for websites, meaning the user does not have to enter their credentials upon each visit. You have probably seen a pop-up like the one below ­– clicking ‘save password’ will store your login details in a persistent cookie.

Question 20

what is a session cookie

Answer 20

stored temporarily on your computer system. While persistent cookies are stored on your hard disk drive, session cookies are stored in RAM only. They are typically used while browsing sensitive information on the world wide web, such as online banking, e-commerce or similar.

Every time you request a web page while logged into a website, the web browser will verify your ‘session’ with each web page request, thus keeping track of your activity. This is particularly useful for tracking items in an online shopping cart. Session cookies are usually deleted once you close the browser, or log out of the particular website.

Question 21

what is digital currency

Answer 21

currency that only exists in a digital format: has no physical attributes but has a cryptographically assigned value

Question 22

main characteristics of digital currency

Answer 22

• decentralized: transactions are processed by an open network that no single person owns
• irreversible and public
• anonymous
• limited supply

Question 23

how does digital currency work

Answer 23

First, the user must sign up to a digital currency exchange. This is essentially a place where users can purchase digital currency using traditional currency.

Once a currency has been purchased, it resides in the user’s digital wallet. The user can send this currency to another digital wallet using a unique wallet address, which is automatically generated when a wallet is created.

The user will send the digital currency to the wallet address – which is recorded on the blockchain – and is received in the recipient’s wallet. The currency leaves the sender’s wallet and is now in the possession of the receiver.

Question 24

what is blockchain

Answer 24

blockchain technology is used as a ledger to create a timestamped record of transactions

Question 25

how does blockchain work

Answer 25

when data needs to be added to the blockchain, new “block” is added to the chain. each block is a chronologically linked to the other, providing a reliable records of events

Question 26

what information does a block contain

Answer 26

• sender wallet address
• receiver wallet address
• amount sent
• network fee
• timestamp
• number of confirmations