Hardware Flashcards

1
Q

central processing unit (cpu)

A

processes instructions and data that are input into the computer so that the result can be
output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

control unit (CU)

A

manages other components of the cpu and overall operation (including fetch-decode-execute cycle and ALU)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

arithmetic logic unit (alu)

A

responsible for carrying ou mathematical operation (eh bit shifts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why dos alu use accumulator (acc)

A

temporarily store the data while performing calculations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

registers

A

small areas of storage found within cpu (PC, MAR, MDR, CIR, ACC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pc

A

program counter - holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mar

A

memory address register - used when reading or writing data from/to ram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mdr

A

memory data register - used to read/write from/to ram. mdr contains data while mar contains address

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cir

A

current instruction register - holds the instruction which is currently being decoded or executed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

acc

A

accumulator - used to hold data being worked on by alu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bus

A

way of communicating between components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how many buses does cpu have

A

3 (control, address, data)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

control bus

A

carries control signals from the control unit to other components of the cpu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

address bus

A

carries addresses from mar to ram to indicate which address will b selected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

address bus is

A

unidrectional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

data bus

A

carries thee data to be written from the mdr to ram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the data bus is

A

bidirctional

18
Q

fetch-decode-execute cycle

A

cycle computer follows to run programs

19
Q

active computer programs are stored in the

20
Q

fetch steps

A
  • PC contains the location of the next instruction
  • This address is copied to the MAR.
  • pc is incremented by 1 so that it points to next instruction
  • address bus carries value in mar to ram
  • control bus sends read signal to ram
  • contents of mdr are copied to cir
21
Q

decode steps

A

cu decodes instruction in cir

22
Q

execute steps

A
  • instruction is sent to alu to be executed
  • alu may use acc to temporarily store its results
23
Q

factors that affect cpu performance

A

clock speed, cores, cache

24
Q

clock speed

A
  • determines number the cycles cpu can perform each second (measured in gigahertz)
  • higher clock speed -> more heat -> more energy
25
core
processor within cpu that carries out one instruction at a time
26
why is a multi core cpu not necessarily an advantage
they run tasks simultaneously however, individual programs have instruction that run in a sequence
27
cache
fast memory located within cpu used to store temporary copies of data in most commonly accessed ram locations
28
read operation
To read, the registers MAR and MDR are needed The address is copied to the MAR Signal is sent from the processor to the memory Content is copied to the MDR
29
write operation
Data is written on the MDR The address is written in the MAR A ‘write’ signal is sent from the processor to the memory unit through the CU
30
what is a microprocessor?
type of integrated circuit on a single chip
31
structure of computer that has a Von Neumann architecture
- units: arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control unit (CU) – registers: program counter (PC), memory address register (MAR), memory data register (MDR), current instruction register (CIR) and accumulator (ACC) – buses: address bus, data bus and control bus
32
dual core
can work on two instructions t a time (higher CPU speed)
33
instruction set
list of all the commands that can be processed by a CPU and the commands are machine code
34
add instruction set
add two numbers together
35
sub instruction set
subtract one number from another
36
inp instruction set
input data from an input device
37
out instruction set
output data from an outrput data
38
load instruction set
load data from RAM
39
store instruction set
save data to RAM
40
what is an embedded system
- embedded system is used to perform a dedicated function (e.g. domestic appliances, cars, security systems, lighting systems or vending machines) - This is different to a general purpose computer that is used to perform many different functions, (e.g. a personal computer (PC) or a laptop)