Internet Flashcards
What is a LAN
a Local Area Network
Describe the structure of the LAN
computer->NIC(Network Interface CArd)->Switch(Router)
What is the internet
a ntwork of networks
What is the intranet
it is a closed system that is only availiable to peole inside a newtork
What is WAN & who owns it
wide area network. THe internet is a global WAN. The WAN is owned by ISPs
What is an ISP
Internet Service Provider
What was the point of the first computers
to break radio codes
Why did the Army develop the itnernet
they wanted a system that was fault tolerant enough to where the USSR could bomb the center of the USA and we could still communicate coast to coast
What was the system of the first internet in CA?
Mainframe computers in 4 universities each had an IMP(Interface Message Processer that doo the place of a router) that allowed them to connect
What was the company that created the CA network
BBN
What are some of the things that BBN did that influenced the way the internet is now?
information broken into packets(packet switched) Seperate computer (IMP) served as gateway to the network
What do modems do
convert the digital signals of computers into analog signals so that you can us the phone line for dialup
What is circuit switching & is it analog or digital
analog, provides dedicated poit to point connections, pay whether using it or not but you have the full capacity of the line, expensive and inefficient
What is the PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network
What is packet switching & is it analog of digital
breaks transmissions into messages/packets; diff packets can take diff routes to destination; digital
What is a program that allows you to see where your packets are being sent
Traceroute; sometimes blocked to prevent hacking
What is Multiplexing
a process of line sharing that allows diff computers to send messages over the same line at the same time; digital; saves money
Bulletts of Analog communications (x4)
circuit switching, pointtopoint connection, quality connection, pay whether connection is used or not,
Bulletts of Digital communications (x4)
packet switching, multiplexing to save $, started with computers, not Radio&TV&music&film a ll digitized….Most popular
What company developed the first GUI? what was it called and why did they get rid of it
Xerox developed the Alto with GUI & they thought it would hurt the copier business so they ditched it
How did the mental model of Xerox kill its potential money makign internet businesss
they thouht copiers would be a growing business forever, XPARC developed Ethernet, ALTO, GUI, and the Mouse and didnt capitaalize on anyof them
What controlled computers pre-GUI
the command line
What was the first commercial PC with GUI?
The MAC
Who was the guy that develoepd the BIg Bang of the World Wide Web
TIm Berners-Lee who thought about using HTTP to send requests and HTML to return restults. allowed for stuff to be communicated between machines. Gave it away
Who built the first web browser
Mark Andressen built it. CAlled it Mosaic which became Netscape. Promptly killed by Explorer
Describe the diff parts of the web address
http://www.nytimes.com/tech/index.html
http:// is the Application transfer protocol
www. is the host name
nytimes is the domain name
.com indicated the type of top level domain
tech is the path
index.html is the file
What are the parts of the web address that are case sensitive
the path and the file
What is HTTP
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol that allows browsers and servers to communicate
What does the domain represent
the name of an organization
what does the host refer to
the public services availiable by the organization
What does the path do?
maps to the folder location where the desired file is stored
What is the Domain Name System & who manages it
a system of nameservers that converts user friendly names into public IP addresses managed by ICANN’s 13 root servers with lists of IP addresses of servers
what does the cache do?
stores the Ip address of recently visited domains so that a trip to the name server can be avoided
What are the two kinds of IP addresses
Unique Public ones used on the internet that are assigned by ICANN & Orivate ones assigned by the company operating the network
What does DHCP stand for and what does it do?
& give example
Dynamic Host COnfiguration Protocol distributes temporary IP addresses to computers while a computer is operating on a given LAN, IP address surrendered when you leave the LAN. McCombs lends an IP using DHCP and then gets it bck when device leaves
What does URL stand for
Uniform Resource Locator. Its a document’s webaddress
What are the two factors that create a robust network
load balancing (distributes workload over multiple systems) and resulting fault tolerance
What is Cybersquatting
acquiring a domain name that refers to a firm, individual, or trademark in hopes of exhorting personal gain
what is VoIP
voice over the internet that uses packet switchign instead of the dedicated line
What are the two different types of 3G and which ISPs use them
GSM used by ATT & the rest of the world
CDMA is used by Verizon and can’t support voice and data at the same time
what is a firwall and what does it do
can be etiher a while computer or just a program. usually multiple layers of firewall at the machine and network levels. prevents bad stuff from coming in or going out
What is the ACL and what does it do
Access Control List has rules that determine which packets are allowed or prohibited
What does VPN stand for and what does it do?
uses the internet to create the illusion of point to point connections creates tunnels
What is a tunnel
Client and SErver have a point to point connection called tunnel that is a private pathway over a shared network allowing for secure encrypted communications
What is PPTP
Point to Point Tunneling Protocol
What are the two sides of the Net Neutrality debate
ISPs want to have a tiered service where you pay for what you use (metered style) and Internet Startups and innovators say they want all users to be treated equally on the internet to protect startups and innovation
What is ICANN
the nonprofit org that controlls domain names
What is the new and old style of IP addres
IPv4 is running out of combos so IPv6 is starting to replace it
What is Amdahl’s LAw
speed is determined by the slowest component
