Internationalism Unit 4 Flashcards
What is North American Aerospace Defence Command (NORAD)
Military organization established in 1958 by Canada and the U.S. its purpose is to monitor and defend North American airspace against potential threats, e.x. Long range Soviet bombers or missiles during cold war.
What is North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Escott Reid proposes an international organization to provide collective security in Western Europe to slow the spread of communism the result was NATO
What are the Geneva Conventions
A set of international treaties that established the humanitarian rules of war, provides protection for wounded and stick military personnel, establishes humane treatment of captured military personnel, protections for civilians during an armed conflict and prisoners of wars
What is Treaty of the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)
The goal was to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons technology, Help cooperation between nations with the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and finally to complete full nuclear disarmament.
What is Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)
The complete ban on nuclear tests was designed also to restrict research and development of nuclear weaponry. By 2004 there were 172 signatories and ratified in 117 states.
What is the department of foreign affairs?
Manage Canadas day-to-day international relations to promote stability, prosperity and Canadian values in other countries, promote human rights and Democratic values, coordinates Canadas response to international security.
What is international trade in Canada?
The point of international trade in canada is to promote Canada as a business leader and to negotiate trade agreements that will help canadian businesses compete in the international marketplace, regulates imports and and exports
What is the department of national defence?
Has three objectives
1) protect Canada
2) contribute to world peace and international security
3) to protect Canadian interest abroad
What is the international committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)?
Neutral, independent organization dedicated to providing humanitarian assistance and protection of victims of armed conflicts, promotes international humanitarian law, delivers essential services to affected victims
What is international humanitarian law (IHL)?
-Law of armed conflict
-rules that limit the effects of armed conflict by protecting individuals who are not participating in hostilities
-restricts the means and methods of warfare to prevent unnecessary suffering
Why did the league of nations fail?
1) No collective Military force
2 lacked political will to impose military or economic sanctions against offending states
3) Rarely achieved the unanimity required for decisions (due to self interest of member states)
4) Lacked support of super powers such as the US
What is the main objective for the United Nations?
Main objective is “to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war” and “to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights”
What was the first task of the human rights commission?
First task was to draft a declaration to codify and guarantee human rights
Is the UDHR a legally binding treaty?
Since the UDHR is not a treaty it does not make it legally binding.
Who is responsible for drafting the first copy of the UDHR?
John Humphrey wrote the first draft of the UDHR, René Cassin took credit for the UDHR.
What are the main principles of the Geneva convention?
1) Provides protections for wounded and sick military personnel on the battlefield
2) Establishes the humane treatment of captured
3) Establishes protections for civilians during an armed conflict (Protections extended to victims of armed conflict and POW’s
How did the Cold War impact the effectiveness of the United Nations?
The Cold War in a way caused the UN to expand its mandate and focus to include peacekeeping and peacemaking.
What are treaties? What are alliances?
Treaties:An agreement between states, international organizations, or both; take the form of conventions,covenants and protocols
Alliances: Formal union or agreement to cooperate with other nations for a specific purpose or goal (Canada is apart of NATO and NORAD)
What is the difference between Bilateral and Multilateral treaties?
Bilateral: negotiated between a limited number of states usually 2
Multilateral: negotiated between several states
Why was the Cold War referred to as the “Golden age” of Canadian foreign policy?
Canada helped resolve many world conflicts through compromise and diplomacy, Canada gained the reputation as a mediator and peacemaker
Who is Escott Reid and why is he important?
He was a public servant in Canada department of external affairs and he proposed an international organization to provide collective security in Western Europe, this idea became NATO
Why did the Cuban missile crisis strain canadian - American relations?
Diefenbaker refused to put Canadian military on high alert; infuriates JFK.
Why were Canadians concerned with Prime minister Diefenbakers decision to allow US missiles in canada?
Many Canadians view Diefenbakers decision as a compromise of national security, giving the US too much influence over Canadas defence policy, increased risk Canada could become a target in a soviet attack.
Why is military spending a controversial topic for political decision makers?
1963, federal government unified the army, navy, and airforce into the Canadian forces to improve efficiency. Many Canadians don’t see the need for a full scale military defence force. While others say it should be increased to ensure safety for soldiers.
What is the difference between peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peace building?
Peacekeeping: keeps warring parties or starters from attacking one another by placing a barrier between them
Peacemaking: the process involved in negotiating a peaceful settlement between disruptive parties
Peace-building:actions taken on the root causes of conflict between warring parties to create the conditions for long term peace
What is the difference between NGOs and IGOs
NGOs:not backed by government, private organization that pursue activities too recurve different cause flow of ideas and materials through boarders such as the red cross
IGOs:Group of sovereign states working cooperatively towards a shared purpose
What are the objectives of Canadas foreign policy?
-Internationalism
-Multiculturalism
-Mediation
-Compromise
-Peaceful Change
Identify and explain causes of conflict?
Nationalism: causes conflict due to nationalist states in most cases take land forcefully and political power
Tribalism: causes conflict due to ethnic differences within a state, lead to instability
Imperialism: Causes conflict as states will fight to expand territory, wealth, and power
Economic: Causes conflict as states fight over natural resources (oil, fresh water)
Difference between Traditional, total, cold and virtual war?
Traditional: Small professional armies made up from mostly infantry in close combat
Total: Aimed for extermination and max damage to kill, chemical weapons, machine guns
Cold: Military & Ideological competition between two global superpowers (USA & USSR)
What is terrorism? What are the three categories?
Terrorism is unlawful use of force or violence against people or property to intimidate or coerce a government/population to further a political or social objective
1) Nationalist
2) Revolutionary
3) Religious
