International Politics Test 1: Chapters 1 - 4

Question 1

World Politics

Answer 1

Study of how global actor’s activities entail the exercise of influence to achieve and defend their goals and ideals, and how it affects the world at a large

Question 2

Image

Answer 2

Mental map we have of others including the world and the behavior which follows that image

Question 3

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 3

Information which conflicts with our beliefs and images also what we do with that information

Question 4

Mirror Images

Answer 4

State or people on opposing sides view each other similarly in a negative light

Question 5

Nation-State

Answer 5

Entity which contains a definable territory, population base, and government

People who see themselves as the same entity because they share the same ethnicity, culture or language

Posses sovereignty

Question 6

Peace of Westphalia (1648)

Answer 6

Settled 30-year war in Europe

Baptized the nation-state as the supreme actor in world politics

Question 7

Sovereignty

Answer 7

Supreme power of state to determine its own domestic and foreign policy without reference to any other state or international enterprise

Question 8

Transformation

Answer 8

Change in the characteristic pattern of interaction among the most active participants in world politics, that it appears as if one global system has been relocated by another

Question 9

International anarchy

Answer 9

Condition in which the units in the global system are subjected to few if any overarching institutions to regulate their conduct

Question 10

IGOs

Intergovernmental Organizations

Answer 10

Institutions created and joined by states government, which gives them the authority to make collective decisions to manage particular problems in global agenda

Ex: United Nations or NATO

Question 11

NGOs

Non-governmental Organization

Answer 11

Transnational organization of private citizens who join together to work for common interests, maintain relationships with IGOs

Ex: Doctors without Boarders and Amnesty International

Question 12

Super national Organizations

Answer 12

Multi-nation political union where negotiated power is delegates to an authority by the government of the nation states

Ex: European Union

Question 13

MNCs

Multinational Corporation

Answer 13

One which has facilities and other assets in one country other than mother country

Ex: Walmart, Toyota, Microsoft

Question 14

Transnational Trade Organizations

Answer 14

Made up of nation-states who agree to partially or completely do away with tariffs or tariff barriers

Ex: Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Question 15

Transnational Terrorist Organizations

Answer 15

Individuals from two or more nations who employ terrorist activities over international boarders

Ex: Al-Qaeda, Taliban, ISIS

Question 16

Realism

Answer 16

Drive for power is strong

Interaction with global actors is both a means and an end

Balance of power is essential

National interest should drive foreign policy and should be measured in terms of power

Nation should build up arms to full potential

Reject international messianism

Men’s nature precludes remaking the world

Question 17

Liberalism

Answer 17

Mans nature is positive

Struggle for order is as important as struggle for power

Rejects balance of power as international order

Superiority of American system, should be incorporated into foreign policy and should be spread by American power

Moral obligation to change the world from what it is to what it should be

Question 18

Constructivism

Answer 18

Rejects idea that problems will always be there

Nonmaterial factors like ideology, morality and culture are important in foreign policy

World is what we make of it, understand mental images we hold of others and mental images others hold of us

Use of language impacts reality

Be courageous enough to bring new structures and world to existence

Question 19

Feminism

Answer 19

Traditional theories on international politics reflect only male POV

Peace and national security is defined more expansively

Imperative for women to engage in politics

Question 20

Marxism

Answer 20

Economics dominant in politics and international politics

Mal distribution of wealth exists in international society too

Globalization benefits economic elite and harms workers in developed and developing countries

Reform or revolution is answer

Question 21

Polarity

Answer 21

Degree to which states cluster around the powerful

Question 22

Bipolarity

Answer 22

International structure where two actors are dominant

Very unstable as constant competition
Ex: US and USSR during Cold War

Question 23

Tripolarity

Answer 23

International system where there are three dominant actors

Question 24

Multipolarity

Answer 24

International system where four or more actors are dominant

Question 25

Unit-Veto System

Answer 25

Acquisition of nuclear weapons is wide spread, to go to war with fellow nuclear war actor can bring chaos or destruction. More actors that have nukes, more likely to be used.

Question 26

Threshold Nation

Answer 26

Any country having the ability to develop nuclear weapons easily Ex: Japan, Canada, Iran, Brazil, Germany and South Korea

Question 27

Geopolitics

Answer 27

Concerns that the geography of international politics particularly the relationship between the physical environment and the conduct of foreign policy

Question 28

Iron-Triangle Politics

Answer 28

Agencies, interest groups and congressional Committees or Subcommittees have a parasitic relationship where they feed off each other

Question 29

Groupthink

Answer 29

Propensity for members of a group to accept and agree with the groups prevailing attitudes rather than speaking out for what they believe in

Question 30

Satisficing Policy

Answer 30

Accepts what is acceptable to others

Question 31

Political Culture

Answer 31

Values and beliefs that citizens hold about their political system

Question 32

Extraversion

Answer 32

Assertiveness, sociable, excitement-seeking, warmth, energetic

Question 33

Agreeableness

Answer 33

Altruism, trust, compliance, modestly, directness, compassion

Question 34

Conscientiousness

Answer 34

Self discipline, deliberation, order, competence, sense of duty and ambition

Question 35

Emotional Stability

Answer 35

Impulsiveness, vulnerability, self-consciousness, anxiety, hostility and depression

Question 36

Openness

Answer 36

To ideas, feelings, aesthetics, fantasy

Question 37

Long-Cycle Theory

Answer 37

Rise and fall of the leading global powers, international affairs is dominated by hegemonies

Question 38

Hegemonies

Answer 38

Preponderant state capable of dominating the conduct of international, political and economical relations

Question 39

Policy of appeasement

Answer 39

diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict Ex: giving Hitler land to sop him from further invasions

Question 40

Munich Pact (1938)

Answer 40

agreement between Britain, France, Italy and Germany in 1938, under which Germany was allowed to extend its territory into parts of Czechoslovakia in which German-speaking peoples lived

Question 41

Truman Doctrine (1947)

Answer 41

US foreign policy would use intervention to support people who allied with US against communist USSR

Question 42

Zero-sum Game

Answer 42

Mathematical representation in which there is a winner or loser Hegemony for winner What is gained by the winner is equal to what is lost by the loser

Question 43

Marshall Plan

Answer 43

Economic aid to Western Europe to help rebuild after World War II

Question 44

NATO

Answer 44

North Atlantic Treaty Organization intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries.

Question 45

Warsaw Pact

Answer 45

collective defence treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland between the Soviet Union and seven Eastern Bloc satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War.

Question 46

Mikail Gorbachev

Answer 46

President when USSR economy was drowning and people no longer agreed with communism Liberalized and Democraticalized and had limited capitalism in USSR Withdrew from Afghanistan Let Satellite states chose their own style of governance

Question 47

Francis Fukuyama

Answer 47

“The end of history” after the fall of USSR Fulfillment of enlightenment, universal action of liberal democracy

Question 48

Unipolar moment

Answer 48

International observers at the end of the Cold War predicted that the unipolar international system characterized by a single superpower, the United States, would be short-lived—a mere “moment” between the collapse of the Soviet Union and the rise of new great powers

Question 49

Soft power

Answer 49

Reputation, value and attractiveness

Question 50

Unilateralism

Answer 50

approach in international relations in which states act without regard to the interests of other states or without their support.

Question 51

Paul Kennedy Imperial Overstretch

Answer 51

“The Rise and Fall of Great Powers” Imperial overstretch: the gap between internal resources and external commitments grew so large that it ultimately pushed great powers from pinical of powers

Question 52

Purchasing Power Parity

Answer 52

theory that measures prices at different locations using a common good or goods to contrast the real purchasing power between different currencies

Question 53

One belt-one road strategy

Answer 53

Seeks through trade. Foreign aid donations, infrastructure projects outside China, commodity purchasing etc to stretch influence throughout Asia and Europe

Question 54

Vladimir Putin

Answer 54

Desires to keep sphere of influence with satellite states Goals: Breakup NATO, EU and weaken democracy Right wing populist icon Kills off political opponents May possibly be richest man alive