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Saher > International Politics Final: Chapters 5 - 11 > Flashcards

International Politics Final: Chapters 5 - 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Global North

A

Term used to refer to the world’s wealthy, industrialized countries located primarily in the northern hemisphere

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2
Q

Global South

A

Term used for “third world” to designate the less developed counties located primarily in the Southern Hemisphere

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3
Q

Decolonization

A

Process by which sovereign independence was achieved by countries that were once colonies of great powers

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4
Q

Xenophobia

A

Having or showing a dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries

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5
Q

Bilateral foreign aid

A

Nation to nation aid

Or aid from the International Monetary Fund or aid from the United Nations

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6
Q

IMF

A

International Monetary Fund

International organization that aims to promote global economic growth and financial stability, encourage international trade, and reduce poverty

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7
Q

World Bank

A

International financial institution that provides loans and grants to governments of poorer countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects

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8
Q

Multilateral Foreign Aid

A

Financial assistance provided by many governments who pool funds to international organizations like the world bank, UN, IMF

Funds used to aid poverty in third world countries in global south

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9
Q

South-South Donar Contributions

A

Development assistance provided to another developing country by a county of the global south

Ex: China and Pakistan’s Silk Road trade agreement, aids Pakistan’s poor economy and China benefits by expanding its industry and its power in Asia

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10
Q

Global Remittances

A

Money earned by immigrants working in rich countries which almost always exceeds the income they would earn working in native countries; immigrants send this money back home to their families

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11
Q

NAFTA

A

North American Free Trade Agreement

Free trade zone, tariff free, open investments between the US, Canada and Mexico

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12
Q

ASEAN

A

Association of South-East Asian Nations

Promoting political, economic, military, security, cultural, education cooperation among members

Seeks regional diplomacy and peaceful stability

Free trade agreement as of 2015

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13
Q

Foreign Direct Investment

A

Cross border investment

Corporation based in one nation pitches assets in another country

Long term relationship + control of enterprise

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14
Q

Veto Power of the UN Security council

A

No action can be taken unless all 5 permanent members of the council (US, Russia, UK, France and China) vote yes

Has to be unanimous decision

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15
Q

Super National Organization

A

Multi-national political union where negotiated power is delegates to an authority by the government of the nation states

Ex: European Union

International Organizations should have authority greater than sovereign states

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16
Q

Euro-Zone

A

EU members that use the Euro as a currency

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17
Q

European Coal + Steel Community

A

Organization of 6 European countries created after WWII to regulate industrial production under centralized authority

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18
Q

Jean Monnet and Robert Schumann

A

Visionaries: they wanted the EU to involve into the United States of Europe

Brains behind the European Coal and Steel Community: eliminating tariffs and barriers the 6 countries of community in terms of steel bad coal

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19
Q

Treaty of Rome (1957)

A

Treaty created the European Economic Community and European Atomic Energy Community

European Economic Community, European Atomic Energy Community and European Coal and Steal Community all combined to form the European Community which was the precursor to the European Union

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20
Q

European Economic Community

A

Regional organization that aimed to bring about economic integration among its European members

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21
Q

European Atomic Energy Community

A

Purpose was to create a specialized market for nuclear power in Europe by developing nuclear energy and distributing it to its member states while selling the surplus to non-member states

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22
Q

European Community

A

A collective term referring to the unification of the European Economic Community, European Coal and Steel Community and the European Atomic Energy Community

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23
Q

Treaty of Maastricht (Treaty of the European Union)

A

Treaty signed by the members of the European Communities to further European Integration

Treaty founded the European Union and established its structure

Creation of the Euro

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24
Q

European Union

A

Political and Economical union of 28 member states that are primarily located in Europe

Ensure free movement of people, goods, services and capital within the single internal market

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25
Q

Functionalists

A

As members become integrated economically, habit of cooperation will make them cooperate in areas outside of economics

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26
Q

European Council

A

Body of the European Union that defines the organization’s political direction and priorities

Made up of the heads of states of the members of the EU, President of the European Council and President of the European Commission

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27
Q

European Commission

A

Executive Branch of the EU

Proposes legislation, implements decisions, upholds EU treaties and manages day to day business of EU

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28
Q

European Parliament

A

Legislative Branch of EU

Members voted by the citizens of the EU nations

Approve new laws and budgets

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29
Q

New Terrorism (W. Laqueur)

A

Terrorists die on their missions to ensure success

Weapons of mass destruction are used to kill hundreds of thousands of people

Sacred terrorists: to die as martyrs

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30
Q

Al-Qaeda

A

Militant Sunni Islamist multi-national organization founded in 1988 during Soviet-Afghan wars

Individuals have gotten training in camps

Network of Islamic extremists and jihadists

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31
Q

ISIS

A

Islamic State of Iraq and Syria

Terrorist militia the group that follows a fundamentalist, jihadist doctrine of Sunni Islam

Mesopotamian branch of Al-Qaeda

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32
Q

Osama Bin Ladin

A

Founder of Al-Qaeda

Responsible for the attacks on 9/11

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33
Q

“Planes Operation”

A

Plans for the 9/11 attacks

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34
Q

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

A

Pakistani Islamist Militant held by US in detention camp under terrorism charges = principal architect of the 9/11 attacks

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35
Q

Mohamed Atta

A

Egyptian hijacker and one of the ringleaders of the 9/11 attacks

36
Q

Ayman al-Zawahiri

A

Egyptian terrorist who became the leader of Al-Qaeda after the death of Osama Bin Laden

37
Q

Taliban

A

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Sunni Islamic Fundamentalist political movement and military organization of Afghanistan

38
Q

Abu Musab al-Zarqawi

A

Jordanian jihadist who ran a terrorist training camp in Afghanistan

39
Q

Raqqa

A

Capital of the ISIS in Syria

40
Q

Abu Bakr Al Bagdadi

A

Iraqi born leader of ISIS

Killed less than 2 months ago in October, 2019

41
Q

Caliph

A

The leader of a caliphate (Islamic state)

Successor to Prophet Muhammad and a leader of the Ummah

42
Q

Jihad

A

In Islam it means a struggle

Islamic fundamentalist terrorist have used is as a fight against the enemies of Islam as a way to justify their terrorist activities

43
Q

War

A

Condition rising within states (civil war) or between states (inter-state war) when actors use violent means to destroy rivals or coarse them into submission

44
Q

Eros

A

Freudian concept of mans impulse to love and create

45
Q

Thanatos

A

Freudian concept of mans impulse to kill and destroy

46
Q

Democratic peace theory

A

Democratic states do not go to war with other democratic states

47
Q

Security Community (K. Deutsch)

A

One made up of 2 or more states where war has disappeared as a means of resolving disputes among them

Ex: Us and Canada or France and Germany

48
Q

“New Wars” (M. Kaldor)

A

War in the post Cold War era

Characterized by violence between a combination of state and non-state networks

War of identity politics, political control of population

49
Q

Inside out War

A

No clue

50
Q

Arab

A

People from the Arabian peninsula and neighboring territories - Middle East and Northern Africa

51
Q

Three Kims

A

Kim IL- Sung (1945-1994)
Kim Jong- IL (1994-2011)
Kim Jong- Un (2011-Present)

Dynasty of rulers in North Korea

52
Q

Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

A

International treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, to promote cooperation in peaceful use of nuclear power

Overseen by the UN’s International Atomic Energy Agency

53
Q

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

A

International organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit the use for any military purposes including nuclear weapons

54
Q

Agreed Framework (1994)

A

North Korea agreed to freeze the development of nuclear adapters in exchange for 2 light nuclear reactors

The US agreed to give N. Korea fuel for energy needs if N. More would adhere to the NPT treaty

55
Q

“Axis of Evil”

A

Phrase used by President George W Bush to describe foreign governments that sponsored terrorism and sought weapons of mass destruction

Ex: North Korea

56
Q

Six Party Talks

A

S. Korea, Japan, Russia, US, N.Korea and China aimed to find peaceful resolution to N.Koreas nuclear weapons program

N.Korea committed to give up arms, join NOT, agree to inspections by IAEA if they were given energy for N.Koreas light-water adaptors, if US + S.Korea didn’t not place nuclear adaptors on Koreas peninsula, if US would remove economic sanctions from N.Korea

57
Q

Compellence

A

Set of actions or positions that force an opponent to take some action desired by the initial actor

Ability to coerce another nation into doing an action

58
Q

Deterrence

A

Actions are intended to prevent an opponent from taking some action

59
Q

“Regime Change”

A

Replacement of one government regime with another

60
Q

Preemptive attack

A

Attack state’s military bc you believe attack against you is imminent

Illegal under international law

61
Q

Preventive attack

A

Struck against a state’s military bc the state could be a danger to you if left alone

62
Q

Summit

A

Meeting involving leaders of countries

Special meeting bc there is one to one negotiations

63
Q

Singapore Summit (2018)

A

Summit btwn N.Korea’s Dictator Kim Jong-Un and the U.S’s President Donald Trump in Singapore

US goals: get N.Korea to give up nuclear weapons and stop their long range missile tests

N.Korea goals: get US to life strict economic sanctions and end state of war between US + N.Korea

Unsuccessful

64
Q

Hanoi Sumit (2019)

A

Summit btwn N.Korea’s Dictator Kim Jong-Un and the U.S’s President Donald Trump in Vietnam

No agreement unsuccessful

65
Q

International Law

A

Body of rules and principles which are created to govern the relations among and between states and between states and individuals and states and other non-state actors

66
Q

Bilateral treaties

A

Treaties between 2 nations

67
Q

Multilateral treaties

A

Treaties between 2 or more nations

68
Q

Convention

A

Pre-cursor to actual treaty

69
Q

Collective security

A

Operative principle among states that an attack on one is an attack on all and will be met with a collective response

70
Q

Pacta Sunt Servanda

A

Treaties must be obeyed and price to pay for a nation that disregards its responsibility

71
Q

Continental shelf

A

The stretch of seabed adjacent to the shores of a particular country to which it belongs

72
Q

World Court or International Court of Justice (ICJ)

A

Judicial organ of UN

Settles international legal disputes submitted by states and gives advisory opinions on legal issues referred to it by the UN

73
Q

International Criminal Court (ICC)

A

Set up to prosecute and punish people who did war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity

74
Q

Fatou Bensouda (Gambia)

A

International criminal court prosecutor

75
Q

Omar al Bashir

A

Former President of Sudan deposed in a coup

Dictatorship full of oppression, genocide, and human rights abuses

Prosecuted and punished by international criminal court

76
Q

Marshall Plan

A

After World War II, the United States gave economic aid to Western Europe to help rebuild their economies

77
Q

Imperial overstretch (P. Kennedy)

A

Decline of great powers because international commitment over reached their economic capabilities

78
Q

G-7

A

International intergovernmental economic organization consisting of the 7 largest IMF advanced economies in the world: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the U.K., the US

79
Q

G-8

A

Same as G7 but addition of Russia

In 2014, Russia was kicked out after its invasion of Crimea

80
Q

G-20

A

International forum for the governments from 19 countries and the European Union

81
Q

GATT Final Agreement (1994)

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trafe

A

Set of multilateral trade agreements at the abolition of quotas and the reduction of tariffs among the joined nations

82
Q

World Trade Organization (WTO)

A

Intergovernmental organization that is concerned with the regulation of international trade between nations

83
Q

NTBs

A

No clue

84
Q

CAFTA

A

Free trade agreement between the US, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica

85
Q

APEC

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation

A

Intergovernmental forum for 20 nations and Hong Kong to promote free trade

Eliminate all trade barriers by 2020

86
Q

Mercantilist

A

Political-economic perspective that views international trade in zero sum

Saher (7 decks)

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