International directives Flashcards
Kyoto first period - length and aims
2005-2012
ACs and EU
Reduce emissions by 5% by 2012
Average of 5% as mostly nationally determined
Kyoto second period
2012-2020
More nations nearly 150
Decrease emissions by 18% below 1990s levels by 2020
Kyoto second period failure
nations such as Japan and Canada pulled out of the second commitment period
Kyoto failure
Due to China and India not being under the first periods’ restrictions the USA pulled out of the treaty - causing Australia to do the same
Therefore these countries emissions increased during the period
China by 2.5 X
Copenhagen 2009 - what was agreed
An international agreement on biodiversity
green growth pushed as main economic model
ACs announced low carbon plans
Copenhagen 2009 - failures
No quantified reductions in emissions agreed
No legally binding agreements on emissions at all - focus on national strategies
Lack of international co-operation
What did Kyoto establish
First mechanisms for International Emissions trading
What did Paris 2015 lead to
Paris Agreement - adopted by 196 (now 197)
Legally binding pledge to keep temperature increase below 2 degrees and 1.5 is possible
NDCs to be submitted in 2020 and every 5 years - to get increasingly ambitious over time - to show mitigation strategies and adaptation
Transparent reporting of actions taken
How did Paris 2015 help LIDCs
Established framework for financial, technical and capacity building support for LIDCs
Failures of Paris 2015
Relies of national buy in to NDCs - needs them to actually be increasingly ambitious
Long term pledges to reduce emissions not mandatory
No quantified emissions reductions
issues over USA - Trump pulled out - Biden back in
COP26, 2021- Glasgow - importance
Rules for a global carbon market were established at the Glasgow COP26
COP27 - Egypt, 2022
Loss and Damage Fund Agreed - financing for poorer, most impacted countries from ACs
