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Geography Year 9 > International development > Flashcards

International development Flashcards

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1
Q

Human Development Index

A

A score between 0 and 1 that indicates how developed a country is; it combines data on life expectancy, education, and income.

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2
Q

Life expectancy

A

How many years a new baby can be expected to live for, on average.

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3
Q

Birth rate

A

The number of live births per 1000 of the population per year.

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4
Q

Death rate

A

The number of deaths per 1000 of the population per year.

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5
Q

Fertility rate

A

The average number of children per woman.

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6
Q

Poverty

A

The state of being poor.

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7
Q

Poverty line

A

Where a sum of money is used to define the level of poverty in a country.

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8
Q

Inequality

A

When wealth and access to services are not shared equally.

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9
Q

Extreme poverty

A

Where people have less than $1.90 to live on; this figure is set by the World Bank, and can change.

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10
Q

Adult literacy rate

A

The % of the population aged 15 and over who can read and write a simple sentence about everyday life.

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11
Q

Conflict

A

A serious disagreement, which may lead to violence and even war.

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12
Q

Corruption

A

Dishonest conduct by people in official positions; for example, they may except bribes.

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13
Q

Development

A

A process of change to improve peoples lives.

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14
Q

Developing country

A

It’s people are poor, on average, and lack many services.

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15
Q

Development indicator

A

A piece of data that helps to show how developed a country is.

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16
Q

Economic

A

About money, jobs, and business.

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17
Q

Economic migrant

A

A person who moves in order to find paid work, or earn more.

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18
Q

Economy

A

All the activities going on in a country, in producing, buying, selling, and distributing goods and services.

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19
Q

Emerging economy

A

It’s development is speeding up, usually because of industry.

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20
Q

Employment

A

The state of having paid work.

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21
Q

Employment structure

A

The % of the workforce in each sector; primary, secondary, and tertiary.

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22
Q

Export

A

Sell things to other countries.

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23
Q

GNI (Gross National Income)

A

The total amount that a country’s population and businesses earn in a year.

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24
Q

GNI per person (per capita)

A

The GNI divided by the population; it is a measure of how wealthy the people of a country are, on average.

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25
Q

GNI per person (PPP) (Purchasing Power Parity)

A

The GNI per person is adjusted to take into account that things cost more in some places than others.

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26
Q

Goods

A

Physical objects, such as pens, apples, and cars, that are bought and sold.

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27
Q

Import

A

Buy in things from other countries.

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28
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

The period (about 1760 - 1840) when many new machines were invented in the UK, and factories built.

29
Q

Infrastructure

A

facilities such as roads, water supply, electricity grid, and railways, that keep a country and its economy running.

30
Q

Landlocked

A

Surrounded by land, with no coastline.

31
Q

Latrine

A

A very basic toilet; it could be just a hole, or trench in the ground.

32
Q

Living sustainability

A

Living in a way that does not harm us humans, other species, or the environment.

33
Q

Manufacturing

A

Making things in factories.

34
Q

NGO (Non-governmental organisation)

A

A charity that helps people, and is not linked to a government.

35
Q

COVAX

A

A scheme set up to share vaccines equally and ensure that LEDC’s and MEDC’s have fair access to vaccination alongside HEDC’s.

36
Q

Pandemic

A

A disease that spreads over a very wide area, or the whole world, and affects a large number of people.

37
Q

Endemic

A

A disease that spreads and is consistently present but limited to a particular region.

38
Q

Epidemic

A

An unexpected increase in the number of disease cases in a specific geographical area.

39
Q

Primary sector

A

The sector of economy where people collect things from Earth.

40
Q

Secondary sector

A

The sector of the economy where people build things and make things.

41
Q

Tertiary sector

A

The sector of the economy where people provide services for other people.

42
Q

Quaternary sector

A

The sector of the economy where people use high-level expertise to develop things that will help other sectors.

43
Q

Quality of life

A

The level of comfort and well-being a person enjoys.

44
Q

Replacement fertility rate

A

The average number of children per woman that keeps a population at the same size (without migration); it is taken as 2.1 children.

45
Q

Services

A

Activities carried out to meet needs.

46
Q

Standard of living

A

The level of goods, services, and comfort available to people.

47
Q

Sustainable

A

Can be carried on into the future without doing harm.

48
Q

Trade war

A

Where countries try to damage each other’s trade; for example, they may place tariffs on imports from each other.

49
Q

Transnational corporation (TNC)

A

A company that operates in more than one country.

50
Q

Unemployment

A

When people are looking for paid work, and can’t find it.

51
Q

Utilities

A

Services provided, such as electricity, gas, and water supplies, sewage removal, and phone lines.

52
Q

Top-down development

A

Development led by a government; for example, exploiting more of their natural resources to earn more, rooting out corruption, and developing manufacturing.

53
Q

Bottom-up development

A

Development led by NGO’s; for example, microfinancing, providing materials for a particular purpose or teaching them skills and educating them.

54
Q

Cheap loans

A

Money that can be borrowed with a low interest rate or price for borrowing.

55
Q

Grants

A

A sum of money given by a government or other organization for a particular purpose.

56
Q

Microfinancing

A

Lending people small loans, to help them set up a business.

57
Q

Migrant

A

A person who moves somewhere else, usually to find work, or a better life.

58
Q

Refugee

A

A person who has been forced to flee from danger; for example from war.

59
Q

Globalisation

A

How the world is becoming more interconnected through movement of goods, people, money, and information.

60
Q

Cash crop

A

A crop you grow for sale.

61
Q

Geopolitics

A

How human and geographical factors shape the relationships between countries; for example a country may want to stay friendly with a country that borders it, or has resources it needs.

62
Q

Commodities

A

Agricultural produce and natural materials, sold in bulk; for example, coffee, iron ore, and oil.

63
Q

Development gap

A

The widening difference in levels of developing between the worlds richest and poorest countries.

64
Q

Diversify

A

Develop a wider range; for example, more ways to earn income.

65
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

The number of children per year out of every 1000 born alive that die before they reach the age of one.

66
Q

Sanitation

A

Access to clean drinking water and sewage disposal.

67
Q

Add value

A

Process something in a way that increases its value; so you can charge more.

68
Q

Permit

A

A document giving a person permission to do something.

Geography Year 9 (5 decks)

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