Internal Systems Unit 4

Question 1

What is a nutrient?

Answer 1

Any substance that has a useful function when take up by the body cells.

Question 2

What is a Macronutrient?

Answer 2

Needed in large amounts daily.

Question 3

What is a Micronutrient?

Answer 3

Needed in small quantities daily.

Question 4

What are the 3 types of Macronutrients?

Answer 4

1) Carbohydrates
2) Fats
3) Proteins
(Provide energy in form of calories)

Question 5

What are the 2 types of Micronutrients?

Answer 5

1) Vitamins
2) Minerals
(Do not provide energy)

Question 6

What are essential nutrients?

Answer 6

Must be obtained from the diet (certain amino acids, certain fatty acids).

Question 7

What are water soluble vitamins?

Answer 7

Dissolve in water and are excreted from the body through urine (includes vitamin B and C, cant overdose on these vitamins).

Question 8

What are fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 8

Stored in body fat reserves, not excreted includes vitamins A, D, E, K.

Question 9

What are minerals?

Answer 9

Inorganic elements obtained from food that are essential to the functioning of the human body, needed in small amounts.

Question 10

What is water?

Answer 10

-Not an energy source
-Need 1-1.5 L daily
-Regulates body temp

Question 11

What are polymers?

Answer 11

Long chains of small subunits.

Question 12

What are monomers?

Answer 12

Smallest subunit of a macromolecules.

Question 13

What are the 3 monosaccharides?

Answer 13

1) Glucose
2) Frutcose
3) Galactose

Question 14

What are 3 polysaccharide?

Answer 14

1) Startch
2) Cellulose
3) Glycogen

Question 15

What are the three Salivary glands?

Answer 15

1) Parotid gland (top)
2) Sublingual gland (under tongue)
3)Submandibular (under jaw)

Question 16

What are the three small intestines in order?

Answer 16

1) Duodenum
2) Jejunum
3) Ileum

Question 17

What are Alimentary organs?

Answer 17

Where food passes through.

Question 18

What are Accessory organs?

Answer 18

Food does not enter these organs.

Question 19

What are the four steps of digestion?

Answer 19

1) Ingestion
2) Digestion
3) Absorption
4) Egestion

Question 20

What are the two types of digestion?

Answer 20

1) Mechanical Digestion
2) Chemical Digestion

Question 21

What is the process of peristalsis?

Answer 21

Muscels that contract involuntary to allow food to move down the esophagus.

Question 22

What are Villi?

Answer 22

Finger like projections which line the small intestine, increases surface area for nutreint absorption.

Question 23

What are microvilli?

Answer 23

Microscopic projections of the villi in the small intestine (microvilli are found on the villi).

Question 24

What separates the small intestine from the large intestine?

Answer 24

The ileocaecal valve.

Question 25

What is feeces made up of?

Answer 25

75% Water, 25% solid material.

Question 26

How long can feces move along the large intestine?

Answer 26

4-72 Hours.

Question 27

What is the Largest internal organ?

Answer 27

The Liver.

Question 28

What does the liver do?

Answer 28

-Removes and breaks down toxins
-Produces bile, helps break down fats

Question 29

What are the three types of digetive enzymes?

Answer 29

1) Carbohydrases
2) Lipases
3) Proteases

Question 30

What is normal blood glucose range?

Answer 30

4-7mmol/L

Question 31

What cells in the pancreas produce insulin?

Answer 31

Beta cells produce insulin.

Question 32

What cells in the pancreas produce glucagon?

Answer 32

Alpha cells produce glucagon.

Question 33

What is difussion?

Answer 33

Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 34

Rate of diffusion depends on three things

Answer 34

1) Surface area of a cell membrane- larger the area, greater the exchange
2) Concentration Difference - greater the difference, more rapid the rate of diffusion
3) Diffusion distance- smaller the distance, greater the rate of diffusion

Question 35

When inhalation is occuring what happens?

Answer 35

-Rib cage moves up and out
-diaphragm contracts and moves down

Question 36

When exhalation is occuring what happens?

Answer 36

-Rib cage moves down and in
-Diaphragm relaxes and moves up

Question 37

Air that is inhaled into the alveoli in the lungs has a high concentration of?

Answer 37

Oxygen (O2).

Question 38

Air that is exhaled and leaves the alveoli has a high concetration of ?

Answer 38

Carbon dioxide (CO2).

Question 39

What is the importance of hemoglobin in the blood?

Answer 39

It allows the transportation of O2 and CO2 in the blood.