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ESA1 - Tissues Of The Body > Internal Surfaces Of The Body > Flashcards

Internal Surfaces Of The Body Flashcards

1
Q

What does a mucous membrane line?

A
  • Internal surfaces which open to the EXTERIOR
  • Alimentary tract
  • Respiratory tract
  • Urinary tract
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2
Q

What surfaces consist of serous membranes?

A
  • Internal surfaces which do not open to the exterior
  • Pericardium
  • Pleural sac
  • Peritoneum
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3
Q

What is the role of serous membranes?

A

Secrete watery lubricant to allow friction free movement of the structures they surround

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4
Q

What does a serous membrane consist of?

A
  • Simple squamous epithelia (MESOTHELIUM)

- CONNECTIVE TISSUE which attaches the mesothelium to the surrounding tissues and carries blood vessels and nerves

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5
Q

What does a mucous membrane consist of?

A
  • Epithelia (type depends on site; MUCOUS SECRETING)
  • Lamina propria (connective tissue which contains Peyer’s patches, neutrophils etc.)
  • Muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle layer in alimentary tract only)
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6
Q

Describe the layers of the gut wall

A
  • Innermost MUCOSA (epithelia, lamina propria and muscularis mucosae)
  • SUBMUCOSA (contains glands, blood vessels and nerves)
  • MUSCULARIS EXTERNA (2 layers of smooth muscle - inner circular and outer longitudinal)
  • Outermost SEROSA (thin layer of mesothelium, visceral peritoneum in which the peritoneal organs invaginate)
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7
Q

Describe the composition of the oesophageal wall

A
  • Innermost EPITHELIA (stratified squamous non-keratinised)
  • LAMINA PROPRIA (loose connective tissue bearing vessels and cells of immune system)
  • MUSCULARIS MUCOSA (thin layer of smooth muscle cells)
  • SUBMUCOSA (subtending layer of connective tissue bearing mucus secreting glands)
  • MUSCULARIS EXTERNA (2 layers of smooth muscle which move food by peristalsis - inner circular, outer longitudinal)
  • Outermost ADVENTITIA (thin outermost layer of loose connective tissue)
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8
Q

What does the submucosa consist of?

A
  • Blood vessels
  • Lymph vessels
  • Nerves
  • Mucous secreting glands
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9
Q

What does the lamina propria consist of?

A
  • Blood vessels
  • Peyer’s patches
  • Neutrophils
  • Macrophages
  • Collagen
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10
Q

What are rugae and where are they found?

A
  • Found in the membrane of the stomach

- Folds in the gastric mucosa forming longitudinal ridges in the empty stomach

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11
Q

Describe the composition of the stomach lining

A
  • EPITHELIA (simple columnar for absorption)
  • GASTRIC MUCOSA (secretes acid, digestive enzymes and gastrin)
  • MUSCULARIS MUCOSA (thin layer of smooth muscle cells)
  • SUBMUCOSA
  • MUSCULARIS EXTERNA (3 layers of smooth muscle - circular, oblique and longitudinal)
  • RUGAE (folds in the gastric mucosa forming longitudinal ridges)
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12
Q

What type of epithelia are present in the jejunum?

A

Simple columnar

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13
Q

What 4 components make up the respiratory tract?

A
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
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14
Q

What type of epithelia are found in the trachea?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated epithelia

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15
Q

What is the role of hyaline cartilage in the respiratory tract?

A

Prevents collapsing of airways

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16
Q

Describe the composition of the trachea wall

A
  • Pseudostratified ciliated epithelia
  • Submucosa
  • Fibroelastic membrane
  • Hyaline cartilage (C shaped)
  • Adventitia
17
Q

Explain how the walls of the bronchus differ to that of the walls of the bronchioles

A
  • Bronchus contains pseudostratified ciliated epithelia whereas the bronchioles have non/ciliated simple cuboidal
  • Bronchus has C shaped hyaline cartilage but bronchioles do not
  • Bronchioles do not have a submucosa
  • Both have smooth muscle layer surrounding epithelia
18
Q

Describe the arrangement of cells in the alveoli of the lungs

A
  • PURELY EPITHELIAL
  • 90% Type I cells are SIMPLE SQUAMOUS and allow gaseous exchange with surrounding capillaries
  • 10% Type II cells are SIMPLE CUBOIDAL and secrete surfactant to prevent collapsing of air sacs
  • NUMEROUS MACROPHAGES line the alveolar surface
19
Q

What are the advantages of transitional epithelia in the wall of the bladder?

A
  • Allow distending of bladder

- Tight junctions make it impermeable to urine so prevent ingress of toxins from urine

20
Q

Which areas of the body have 3 layers constituting their MUSCULARIS EXTERNA?

A
  • Stomach
  • Bladder
  • 3 layers are circular, oblique and longitudinal
21
Q

Where in the body might you find stratified columnar epithelia?

A

Penile urethra

22
Q

Describe the layers of the urethra wall

A
  • Transitional epithelia (stratified columnar in the penile urethra)
  • Lamina propria
  • Muscularis externa (INNER LONGITUDINAL and OUTER CIRCULAR)
  • Adventitia
23
Q

Name the two types of membranes in the body

A
  • Mucous

- Serous

ESA1 - Tissues Of The Body (19 decks)

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