Internal Organelles

Question 1

What internal organelle is restricted almost exclusively to Gram positive cells?

Answer 1

Spores

Question 2

True or false, many spore formers are pathogens

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or false, spores are very sensitive to heat, disinfectants, and more

Answer 3

False, they are very resistant to these

Question 4

Explain King Tut and and Lord Carnavron

Answer 4

King Tut and his riches were discovered in a tomb about 80 years ago
The man who found it Lord Carnavron died months after entering
two americans died a day after entering
theory suggests that spores of deadly pathogens are the cause

Question 5

What bacteria is highly related to spores found in bee guts of a bee stuck in amber for over 25 million years?

Answer 5

Bacillus Sphaericus

Question 6

What are spores? what are there composition?

Answer 6

resistant bodies that aid when nutrients and moisture are scarce. They allow bacteria to live in unfavourable conditions.
They are made of many layers and usually contain dipicolinic acid.

Question 7

What is this explaining: Granules of organic or inorganic molecules as stockpiles for later use by the cell

Answer 7

inclusion bodies

Question 8

What are 4 compounds often stored in organic inclusion bodies?

Answer 8

1) glycogen which can be broken down to glucose
2) polyhydroxybutyrate which is a lipid like structure
3) Nitrogen
4) rubisco as a CO2 fixation site

Question 9

what is the most common carbon reserve material in bacteria?

Answer 9

Polyhydroxybutyrate

this compound can be used to make biodegradable plastic in industrial usage

Question 10

What is one common Nitrogen storage granule ( stores aspartic acid and arginine)

Answer 10

Cyanophycin granules

Question 11

What are carboxysomes?

Answer 11

Contains Rubisco for CO2 fixation in photosynthesis

Question 12

What are 3 common inorganic inclusion bodies?

Answer 12

1) polyphosphate granules
- can be used to make ATP
2) sulphate granules
3) Magnetosomes

Question 13

What bacteria uses magentosomes and why?

Answer 13

Magentotactic bacteria use them. Magentosomes are intracellular chains of magnetite which aligns the cells in the same direction as the magnetic field. This causes the cells to move down from oxygen rich water to oxygen poor sediments below.

Question 14

What is the term given to explain the behaviour of magnetotactic bacteria?

Answer 14

Microaerophillic meaning they want low O2 conditions

Question 15

How are magentotactic bacteria used in medicine? (4)

Answer 15

1) liposomes with anti-cancer drugs are attached to the bacteria
2) turns out the most rapidly replicating part of a tumour is O2 poor
3) Bacteria use magnetic field and swim directly to tumour
4) the bacteria dies off 30 minutes after injection

Question 16

What are gas vesicles and what do they accomplish?

Answer 16

• they are tiny but numerous vesicles of gas

- they act as a floating device to allow aquatic bacteria to find optimal depths for light and oxygen

Question 17

true or false, gas vesicle walls are lipid based and water permeable

Answer 17

False, they are entirely protein based and therefore impermeable to water

Question 18

Name an example of a internal membrane system?

Answer 18

the ETC in chemiosmotic process that creates a proton motive force to generate ATP.
photosynthesis