History of Micro Bio Flashcards
What was the disease brought by UN peacekeepers to Haiti after the earthquake?
Cholera Outbreak
Who was Anton Van Leeuwenhoek?
- credited to discover the microbial world
- he described microbes as being wee animalcules
- he discovered sperm and red blood cells through his lenses that he would not share with anyone
- he only spoke dutch
Robert Hook?
He drew the first Microbe. Hook explained to others on how to make and use his lenses unlike Leeuwenhoek. He learned dutch so he could read Leeuwenhoek’s work. Hook confirmed there was more microbes in a drop of water then people on earth
What did Spallanzani do?
He boiled beef broth and then sealed it and found no growth. He concluded organisms are from the air. He stated that if the broth is sterile and then sealed from the air it will stay sterile.
What did Pouchet do?
he disagreed with Spallanzani and said that microbes simply needed air to grow just like humans do.
What was the Redi experiment?
Meat rotted in 3 different containers. One completely sealed, one completely open and one with a mesh over it. Maggots only developed where flies could directly land on the meat and lay eggs. THEREFORE MAGGOTS DO NOT SPONTANEOUSLY DEVELOP.
Pasteur Swam Neck experiment?
essentially meat broth is not sealed but the air tube is far from the broth. Microbes get stuck in the neck of the flask and the broth remains sterile.
Explain the Plague briefly
- It was the first use of quarantine
- killed of 1/3 of the population
- first use of germ warfare by flinging dead plague bodies over city walls to infect people inside
- after many waves 80% of pop killed
- plague found in cat in USA not long ago (still around today)
Explain Typhoid Mary
someone who is a Typhoid Mary is someone is spreads disease without being infected with the illness themselves. Mary was a cook who spread typhoid throughout many households.
Who was Fracastoro?
He discovered the idea of “contagious diseases” that can be spread via “contagions”. On way he discovered this transfer was the sex infection Syphilis. (name was given b/c a Shepard infected was called Siphillus)
What was Syphilis referred to as before its name?
a Venereal disease given by the greek goddess of love and sex, Venus
True or false, 50% of koala’s have chlamydia?
TRUE
Who was Phillip Semmelweis?
He discovered puerperal fever (child birth fever) which was caused by doctors with unsanitary hands. Doctor wards had a much higher mom death rate than mid wife wards. Semmelweis issued mandatory hand washing which reduced deaths dramatically. He claimed it was the doctors fault moms were dying. He was harassed because of this and Ironically ended up dying of Streptococcus pyogenes infection.
Who was Joseph Lister?
He was inspired by Pasteur who found microbes existed in the air and Semmelweis showed that antiseptics are needed. Therefore Lister discovered Surgical Sepsis (microbes on surgery tools). He began sterilizing his instruments and using a phenol mist during surgery. He is the father of Antiseptic surgery. He is why mouthwash is called Listerine
Who was Robert Koch
He established the Germ Theory of Disease
He taught the first microbiology class. He discovered Anthrax (bacillus anthracis), a disease that came from cattle. This is a level 3 pathogen that he worked on in his house!! dangerous!!
What were Koch’s postulates?
Establishes what is necessary between a microbe and a disease. His postulates aren’t always met.
1) Bacteria must be present in every case
2) it must be able to be grown + isolated in pure culture
3) pure culture must cause disease
4) then you must be able to re-isolate form experimentally infected host
Who is Fannie and Walther Hesse?
Discovered a medium to purify bacteria. Initially Walther used gelatin but many organisms degraded it. Therefore Fannie suggested to use Agar!!
Who was Richard gram?
he discovered gram staining
bacteria were gram positive if they retained the initial crystal violet dye
Bacteria were gram negative they went pink with the counter die safranin
What did Chamberland and Pasteur discover together?
Unglazed porcelain as the first successful bacteria filter
Synthetic polymers for bacteria filtration were used later
how did the original findings of viruses occur?
Iwanowski passed infected tobacco plants and passed them through a porcelain filter and gathered the bacteria free filtrate. The filtrate when injected would still cause infection!! discovery of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Virology
Loffler and Frosch: ?
Walter reed: ?
Twort and D’Herelle: ?
Loffler and Frosch: first animal virus, hoof and mouth
Walter reed: First human virus, yellow fever
Twort and D’Herelle: first bacteriophages
Who was Jenner?
Found a vaccination for small pox by injecting cowpox into small pox victim. Small pox is the only infectious disease completely eradicated
Who was John Hunter?
He proposed the idea that no two diseases can occupy an organ at the same time and therefore syphilis and Gonorrhoea are the same disease, different symptoms. . he ended up giving a kid with syphilis also gonorrhoea.
Metchnikoff discovered?
phagocytes. Kids played in his lab and poked starfish with needles. When he cam back he saw a defence system with phagocytes
he also worked on syphilis and wanted to teach Sex Ed
BEHRING AND ERHLICH discovered?
antibodies that neutralized diphtheria toxin
Who was Louis Pasteur?
He examined the diseases of wine and developed pasteurization. He also researched Rabies.
He cultivated the virus in rabbit medulla and used it to protect dogs. He saved Joseph Meisters life ( kid with rabies)
1/3 nobel prizes in medicine were on microbial work? t or f?
True
What did Fleming and Florey discover?
Penicillin
