Internal factors (2) institutional racism Flashcards
what do Troyna and Williams argue we need to go beyond to explain ethnic differences in achievement?
Go beyond examining individual teacher racism - look at how schools and collages routinely and unconsciously discriminate against ethnic minorities.
We must distinguish between individual racism and institutional racism.
What is institutional racism?
Discrimination built into the way institutions e.g. schools operate.
How does critical race theory see racism?
As ingrained in society.
This means it involves intentional actions of individuals and institutional racism.
How do Carmichael and Hamilton see institutional racism?
Less overt, more subtle, less identifiable in terms of specific individuals committing the acts.
Originates in the operation of established and respected forces in society.
How does the critical race theorist Roithmayr see institutional racism?
A locked-in inequality - the scale of historical discrimination is so large that there are no longer needs to be any conscious intent to discriminate - inequality becomes self-perpetuating and feeds on itself.
How does Gillborn apply the concept of locked-in inequality to education?
Sees ethnic inequality so deep rooted and large that it’s practically inevitable in the education system.
How does Gillborn suggest marketisation allows institutional racism?
It gives schools more scope to select which allows negative stereotypes to influence decisions about school admissions.
What research does Moore and Davenport use to support Gillborn’s idea of marketisation allowing institutional racism?
Show how selection procedures lead to ethnic segregation with minority pupils failing to get into better secondary schools due to discrimination.
They found primary school reports were used to screen out pupils with language difficulties whilst the application process was difficult for non-English speaking parents to understand.
These procedures favoured white pupils and disadvantaged those from ethnic minority backgrounds.
What did the Commission for Racial Equality identify?
Racism in school admissions procedures meant that ethnic minority children are more likely to end up in unpopular schools.
Reasons why:
- Reports from primary schools stereotype minority pupils.
- Racist bias in interviews.
- Lack of info and application forms in minority languages.
- Ethnic minority parents are often unaware of how the waiting list system works and the importance of deadlines.
What does the term ethnocentric describe?
An attitude or policy that gives priority to the culture and viewpoint of one particular ethnic group whilst disregarding others.
What is the ethnocentric currculum?
A curriculum that reflects the culture of one ethnic group.
Why do many sociologists see the ethnocentric curriculum as a prime example of institutional racism?
It builds racial bias into everyday workings of schools and colleges.
What are examples of the ethnocentric curriculum?
- Language, literature and music - Tronya and Williams - Meagre provision for teaching Asian languages compared to European languages. David - National Curriculum is specifically British that largely ignores non-European languages, literature and music.
- History - Ball - criticises national curriculum for ignoring ethnic diversity and for promoting an attitude of little englandism e.g. history curriculum tries to recreate a mythical age of empire and past glories whilst ignoring the history of black and Asian people.
How does Coard explain the ethnocentric curriculum may produce underachievment.
The image of black people as inferior undermines black children’s self-esteem and leads to their failure.
What does Stone argue black children don’t suffer from?
Low-self esteem due to the ethnocentric curriculum.
What does Gillborn argue the assessment game is?
Rigged to validate dominant culture’s superiority.
