internal class differences Flashcards
What did Becker’s study focus on regarding teachers’ perceptions?
Teachers judged pupils according to how closely they fitted the image of the ‘ideal pupil’
This ideal pupil was typically associated with middle-class characteristics.
According to Hempel-Jorgensen (2009), how is the ‘ideal pupil’ defined?
Defined based on quietness or personality traits
This highlights the variability in perceptions of what constitutes an ideal pupil.
What is the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy (SFP) as demonstrated by Rosenthal and Jacobson?
Teachers’ beliefs about pupils influenced by a fake IQ test, leading to significant progress in 47% of randomly chosen ‘spurters’
This illustrates the interactionist principle but was only conducted in California and involved primary school students.
What did Fuller’s study conclude about the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?
SFP is not universally true
This suggests that the effects of SFP may vary across different contexts.
What is educational triage as described by Gillborn and Youdell?
Sorting students into three groups:
* Those who pass anyway
* Those with potential who need help
* Hopeless cases doomed to fail
This process can produce a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy and is related to the A-C economy.
According to Lacey (1970), what are the two stages in the development of pupil subcultures?
Differentiation and Polarisation
Differentiation involves streaming into categories, while polarisation results in the creation of pro-school and anti-school subcultures.
What alternative responses to school did Woods (1979) identify?
Responses include:
* Ingratiation
* Ritualism
* Retreatism
* Rebellion
Furlong noted that students may not be committed to a single response.
What concept did Bourdieu (1984) introduce regarding pupil identities?
Habitus, which refers to learned ways of thinking
Middle-class individuals have the power to define their habitus as superior, allowing them to impose it on schools and gain symbolic capital (status).
What is symbolic violence as defined by Bourdieu?
The act of withholding symbolic capital
This concept highlights the power dynamics in educational settings.
What did Archer identify about ‘Nike Identities’?
Alternate ways to create self-worth, status, and value
Middle-class individuals often view these identities as tasteless, while young people derive self-worth from them.
What was Ingram’s finding regarding working-class Catholic students?
Their identity was inseparable from locality and emphasized conformity
This highlights the impact of local culture on educational experiences.
What did Maguire (1997) conclude about working-class cultural capital?
It counted for nothing in educational settings
This suggests a disconnect between working-class experiences and the values upheld in schools.
