Ethnicity Internal

Question 1

What term describes the expectations that black students will be problematic and challenge authority?

Answer 1

racialised expectations

This concept is discussed by Gillborn & Youdell.

Question 2

Who explained the higher level of exclusions for black boys due to negative labelling?

Answer 2

Bourne (1994)

This study highlights the impact of negative labels on black boys leading to exclusion.

Question 3

What stereotype leads to black pupils being placed in lower sets and streaming?

Answer 3

badly behaved

Foster (1990) discusses the implications of stereotypes on academic placement.

Question 4

Which researcher noted that Asian pupils are also labelled negatively?

Answer 4

Wright (1992)

This research addresses the labelling of Asian pupils in educational settings.

Question 5

According to Archer (2008), what are the three pupil identities?

Answer 5

• ideal: m/c & white, normal sexuality
• pathologised: asian, conformist hardwork
• demonised: w/c, black/white, not smart

These identities reflect the different perceptions of students based on their ethnicity and social class.

Question 6

What term describes the phenomenon where ethnic minorities are seen as over-achievers?

Answer 6

over-over-achievers

This term suggests that success is often measured against a privileged, white, and middle-class standard.

Question 7

What was the focus of Fuller’s (1984) study on black girls in Year 11?

Answer 7

channeled anger into success

Fuller’s study showed that these students succeeded by conforming to work instead of seeking teacher approval.

Question 8

What can pupils achieve even when refusing to conform and facing negative labels?

Answer 8

success

Fuller’s research indicates that success is possible despite negative labelling.

Question 9

What are the three types of teacher racism identified by Mirza?

Answer 9

• Colourblind
• Liberal chauvinists
• Overt

These types represent different attitudes teachers may have towards black students, which can discourage their success.

Question 10

What are the four types of responses identified by Sewell among boys?

Answer 10

• Rebels
• Conformists
• Retreatists
• Innovators

These categories represent different ways boys respond to educational challenges and expectations.

Question 11

What does Gillborn (1997) say about the selection of pupils in schools?

Answer 11

negative stereotype influences decisions

This highlights how stereotypes can impact school admissions and pupil selection.

Question 12

What did Moore & Davenport’s American study reveal about the selection process?

Answer 12

discrimination

The study found that selection processes in schools could be discriminatory.

Question 13

According to David (1993), what is a criticism of the national curriculum?

Answer 13

specifically British

This critique points out that the curriculum ignores non-European languages and music.

Question 14

What concept does Ball (1994) criticize for promoting ‘little Englandism’?

Answer 14

curriculum

Ball argues that the curriculum neglects the diversity of history, particularly concerning black and Asian communities.

Question 15

What did Gillborn (2008) find regarding identification as gifted and talented?

Answer 15

whites = 2x more than blacks, Caribbeans = 5x more than black Africans

This statistic highlights disparities in educational identification based on race.

Question 16

What did Tikly et al find regarding black students and examination tiers?

Answer 16

more likely entered for lower tier papers

This finding indicates systemic bias in assessment practices.

Question 17

What is the term used to describe the intersection of ethnicity with gender and class?

Answer 17

intersectionality

This concept shows how different social categories interact and affect individuals’ experiences.