Gender Flashcards
What did McRobbie’s 1994 study of girls’ magazines reveal about the portrayal of women?
Initially emphasized importance of marriage, later featured assertive, independent women
This reflects the impact of feminism on media and educational achievements.
What were the findings of Sharpe’s 1994 interviews with girls regarding their ambitions?
1974 = low aspirations focused on love and marriage; 1990 = ambitious with a focus on independence and careers
According to O’Connor (2006), what was the perspective of 14-17 year olds on marriage and children?
Marriage and kids were not seen as major priorities
What does Beck (2001) suggest about trends in modern society?
There is a trend towards individualisation
What did Reay (1998) identify as a factor limiting aspirations for working-class girls?
Limited job opportunities
According to Biggart (2002), what future option do working-class girls see as viable?
Motherhood, leading to low academic achievement
What impact did equal opportunity policies have on girls’ achievement, according to Boaler (1998)?
They were a key reason for improvements in girls’ academic success
What did Gorard (2005) find about the gender gap in education?
It was a product of a changed system of assessment, constant until coursework was introduced in 1989
Why do girls perform better in coursework, according to Mitsos & Browne?
They spend more time on it and are better at meeting deadlines
How did the introduction of exam league tables affect girls, according to Jackson?
Improved opportunities for high-achieving girls
What did Slee (1998) suggest about boys and their attractiveness to schools?
Boys are less attractive due to behavior issues and exclusions
What did French & French find about boys in the classroom?
Boys receive more attention and attract more sanctions
What did Francis (2001) say about boys and discipline in schools?
Boys experienced harsh discipline and felt picked on
What conflict did Archer identify regarding working-class girls’ identities?
Conflict between W/C feminine identities and school values, leading to underachievement
What was Evans’ (2009) finding regarding working-class girls’ aspirations for higher education?
They wanted to attend university to help their families and remain at home
What was the DFE’s (2007) finding regarding the gender gap in education?
It is due to boys’ poorer literacy and language skills
What cultural difference did Ringrose highlight between boys and girls?
Girls engage in ‘bedroom culture,’ centered on staying in and socializing
What moral panic did Ringrose describe regarding boys in education?
The panic over ‘failing boys’ led to policy shifts to raise boys’ achievement
What did Read (2008) say about the primary school culture?
It is feminized, with male teachers needed to assert discipline
What did Jones (2006) find about male teachers in leadership roles?
Only 1/4 of male teachers become heads, compared to 1/13 for women
According to Norman (1988), how does gender socialization affect boys and girls?
Boys and girls are dressed differently and engage in different toys and activities
What did Bryne (1979) find about teacher encouragement for boys?
Teachers encourage boys to be tough
Why are computer studies considered a masculine subject, according to Colley (1998)?
Because machines are viewed as a male gender domain and the teaching style is off-putting
How is science perceived as a boys’ subject, according to Kelly?
Science is dominated by male teachers and boys in labs
